Rotblat writes that following their conversation the previous Sunday, Young spoke with General Redman of the Wolfson Foundation, who felt a letter from BR and Rotblat demonstrating that the Civil Disobedience Committee had nothing to do with Pugwash would be helpful. Rotblat encloses a letter for BR to sign and send if he approves of it (not present). He also encloses invitations to the Moscow conference for BR to sign and send (not present).

Rotblat feels that no further fundraising should take place for the time being.

This is the first use of the letterhead of the Pugwash Continuing Committee. The Chairman is listed as "The Earl Russell".

Holmes writes on behalf of Rotblat, who wonders if BR could sign the enclosed invitations to the Pugwash committee members and return them to him.

Holmes asks BR to sign the enclosed letters to the secretarial staff for the upcoming Pugwash Conference, and send the letters to America in the provided envelopes, while returning the other three to Rotblat.

Rotblat asks BR to sign and return the enclosed letter (not present).

The Moscow conference preparations have begun, and while BR is not attending, Rotblat asks if there is anything he would like the committee to tell the members, or if there is any special task to put to them.

"One of the active Italian Pugwash members, Professor Boeri, has just died and I wonder whether you would be kind enough to sign and send off the enclosed letter of condolence to Mrs. Boeri."

The reply and 2 telephone numbers are written in BR's hand on Rotblat's telegram to BR (record 117420); dated by Edith Russell.

Note consists of three points, handwritten by Edith (dictated by BR) beneath Rotblat's letter (record 117429):

"1) If Pugwash is, for the present, not raising funds: is there enough money now in the Pugwash exchequer to put the Moscow conference through—get the scientists to Moscow, etc.? If not, how much is needed? Would like to supply what is needed if I have a sufficient sum. It, or some part of it, could be refunded to me when Pugwash can again collect money.

2) Are the letters for Rotblat being sent for by him or are they to be posted?

3) Are the 4 letters without envelopes to be returned to Rotblat?"

Actions taken are described in a 11 Oct. 1960 note by Edith Russell at the top of Rotblat's letter.

BR encloses a short statement for the Moscow conference (record 117436).

He hopes the conference will go well and comments, "At any rate, the Presidential election is out of the way, and I suppose, on the whole, the Russians will find it easier to negotiate with Kennedy than with Nixon. Are your funds not yet in the red?"

Document is a statement for the Pugwash Conference held in Moscow, since due to health, BR cannot attend.

"I earnestly hope that, as on former occasions, the Conference will find it possible to agree on a resolution acceptable, alike, to those who come from East or West or uncommitted nations."

A carbon copy of this letter is also in file. Enclosed with record 117435.

Rotblat thanks BR for his letters and his message to the Pugwash Conference.

"I had a telephone conversation last night with Rabinowitch.

It appears that they are now very keen on this conference and will have a total of about 25 scientists from the U.S.A. Several of these have just been invited and will need letters of invitation as a matter of urgency in order to get their visas." Rotblat asks if BR could sign and send the enclosed eight invitations, and asks if he can also sign and send the enclosed letter to Eaton (not present).

BR informs Rotblat that all of the letters have been signed and sent.

"It is very good news indeed that there is to be so large a contingent from the U.S."

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Eaton writes, "As you undoubtedly know, Professors Rabinowitch, Glass and Brown recently took occasion to issue a statement disavowing any association with me. Professors Doty and Wiesner were active collaborators, although their names did not appear. The statement took the form of a letter to the editors of the New York Herald Tribune and the Washington Post, and purported to speak for all of the Pugwash scientists."

Eaton has not issued a statement and felt it was important to write to BR about the matter so he "... will know that I have not been a party to the mis-statements of which the five American scientists have irresponsibly accused me."

Rotblat asks BR to sign and send the enclosed invitation to Father Dubarle and return the blank one to him (not present).

Rotblat is glad to hear that four or five Chinese scientists will be attending.

The verso of the sheet has a good deal of scribbling on it.

Edith has received a telephoned cable from Eaton. Eaton and his wife will be attending the Pugwash Conference in Moscow and have already informed Topchiev.

The telegram is being posted to BR and Rotblat. "My husband is doing a television for the Welsh BBC (on why he likes to live in Wales—with the promise of two minutes to be spent on nuclear disarmament!) so that I am unable to ask him how necessary it is to get this message to you quickly."

The cable is not in the file.

Powell cables BR from Moscow to inform him that the Pugwash Conference reached a successful conclusion the previous day.

A statement was issued, which Powell endorsed, and passed unanimously but for three abstentions.

Document is the statement issued at the Sixth Pugwash Conference of Scientists in Moscow, 27 November-5 December 1960.

Document includes a list of participants.

Another copy is also in the file.

Eaton encloses a clipping from the New York Times, 8 Dec. 1960, "In the Nation: Another Extension of the Nuclear Testing Ban" by Arthur Krock.

BR thanks Eaton for his letter of 9 December and its enclosed clipping from the New York Times.

"I shall regard it as utterly disastrous if America decides to renew tests, but I am somewhat doubtful as to what I can do about it except indirectly by rousing public opinion in Britain to bring pressure on the British government. I do not feel that things said by me in criticism of American policy are likely to carry much weight in America."

Typed on the verso of Eaton's letter.

Eaton informs BR that over the weekend Robert E. Wilson took a stand for the resumption of nuclear testing and expansion of armaments, and Eaton has been informed that Senator Clinton P. Anderson is also urging the renewal of tests. "A concerted campaign is obviously underway to persuade the new administration to this point of view."

Rotblat thanks BR for his letter of 16 December.

Dr. Lindop is now much better, expecting to return to her work early in the new year.

Eaton writes that Thomas C. Schelling, who is opposed to disarmament, is publicizing his impressions of the recent Moscow Pugwash Conference in the day's New York Times, titled "Discussing Arms Control: Strong Soviet Motivation toward Disarmament Doubted", which Eaton encloses.

"On this side of the Atlantic, all of those who share Schelling's view are constantly endeavoring to influence public opinion." Those of the opposite opinion are timid.

Topchiev encloses a clipping from Pravda in which Khrushchev replies to Eaton's letter accompanying the papers of the Fifth Pugwash Conference.

He wishes BR and his family a Happy New Year.

BR replies to Powell's letter of 12 November 1959, thanking him for the address Powell sent him and advises he looks forward to reading it.

He notifies Powell he is unable to address the Society. "I now-a-days confine myself almost entirely to matters concerned with nuclear warfare and to occasions where I have a chance of speaking on this theme."

Typed on the verso of Powell's letter (record 117338).

There are three sheets of paper in this grouping; two of them form the letter. The third sheet appears to be a diary entry.

It is not complete.

The letter is written on printed letterhead from Windsor Castle.

Agatha has had dinner with her parents, Queen Victoria, Prince and Princess Christian, Princess Louise, Lady Churchill and Lord Normanby. She draws the seating plan—they all sat at one circular table.

Agatha provides details of philosophers whom she is reading.

Despite the date, there is no mention of BR's birth.

Rollo "wrote a capital letter to Bertie."

Annotated by Margaret Lloyd: "On Rollo's severe illness, resulting in the amputation of a leg."

This letter is located after the letter dated 21 May 1913.

It is not complete; it has no salutation. This is the first letter by Agatha without a date; all letters that follow it in the file are undated.

The letter on Pembroke Lodge letterhead is not complete; it has no salutation or closing.

The letter on Pembroke Lodge letterhead is not complete; it has no salutation.

The letter on Chesham Place letterhead is not complete; it has no salutation or closing.

There are drawings of people.

This letter is not complete; it has no salutation. Two sheets are written on "Agatha" letterhead, the third on Pembroke Lodge letterhead.

It is annotated: "From a former private tutor".

Rotblat writes that while there is not much to report on Pugwash activities, quite a lot has been occurring behind the scenes. The next Pugwash Conference is going to be on the same subject as the Moscow conference, and is set to take place in the United States. The Pugwash committee will be holding a meeting 3-5 March, to finalize their plans, and Rotblat asks BR if he will be in London.

Rotblat encloses the minutes from the last Pugwash Continuing Committee meeting (record 117492). The Moscow conference appears to have been influential.

Minutes of Pugwash committee meeting. Another copy is in the file.

Enclosed with record 117491.

BR thanks Rotblat for his letter of 26 January, and informs him that he will not likely be able to attend the Pugwash Continuing Committee meetings 3-5 March but cannot say for sure yet.

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Young encloses a note about Pugwash's Moscow conference for BR (record 117495).

Young has prepared information covering the Pugwash Conference in Moscow, including information on the participation, history of the movement and discussion on disarmament versus arms control.

In the file are also the agenda for the conference, a memorandum on a proposed Pugwash magazine and cost estimates.

Enclosed with record 117494.

Eaton encloses an editorial and cartoon (not present) from the New York Daily News, 10 Feb. "The supposedly impartial and judicious President of the United Nations General Assembly must not be allowed to get away with using the influence he possesses, by reason of his office, to collaborate with America's largest daily of mass circulation in waging a holy war."

BR has written at the top: "Put away".

Royon encloses a reprinted page of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 6 March 1960, which features Eaton and his "... campaign to create better international understanding. The Sunday Plain Dealer has a circulation of more than half a million."

She compliments BR on his debate with Edward Teller.

Adams writes to BR regarding a peace march in Chicago that spring. "As part of this program, I have been asked to address a South Side rally on March 22 to discuss the efforts of the Campaign for Unilateral Disarmament in England. The film on the Aldermaston march last year will be shown."

Adams asks BR if he would send a short message to the meeting in Chicago.

Beneath Adams' letter there is a handwritten notation of her address, as well as a draft cable message.
 

The invitations for the Pugwash Conference in the United States are beginning to be sent out. Rotblat asks BR if he would sign and send the enclosed invitations for scientists in Europe and Canada (not present). He asks BR to return the blank letters to him after they have been signed.

Rotblat encloses invitations for the Pugwash Conference in the United States, requesting that BR sign and return them to Rotblat (not present).

Holmes requests, on Rotblat's behalf, that BR sign the enclosed invitations so Rotblat can forward them to the Soviet Academy for distribution (not present).

She also encloses a copy of minutes from the Pugwash Continuing Committee meeting in London on 5-7 March (record 117503).

"Minutes of the Twelfth Meeting of the Pugwash Continuing Committee 5th-7th March 1961, London". BR was in the chair.

Enclosed with record 117502.

Royon encloses two cables dated 30 April 1961 that Eaton received, one from Khrushchev and one from Gromyko, Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union.

"They demonstrate that the door is still open to understanding and friendship between capitalist and communist."

Rotblat refers to BR's illness, and is concerned with the stalemate in the Geneva negotiations on the Test-Ban Agreement. After reading a transcript of the Soviet proposal, Rotblat is confused in regarding their attitude and doubts if they really are interested in a test ban. This worries Rotblat as he feels that if progress is not made in Geneva soon, the Americans will resume testing.

"I spent last week in Oslo attending Pauling's Conference Against the Spread of Nuclear Weapons, and I had many discussions with American colleagues on this matter. Several of us felt very strongly that we should use any influence we have with the Soviet scientists to urge them on to ask their government to see reason. It was on my instigation that a cable was sent to Topchiev, Fedorov and Skobeltzyn from three American scientists, Inglis, Orear, and Pauling. I enclosed the text of this cable" (record 117506).

Rotblat also encloses the text of a cable he is hoping to send to the Russians and asks BR for his opinion (record 117507).

There is a handwritten copy of BR's positive response to the cable, at the foot of this letter (record 117508).

Document is the text of a cable sent to Topchiev, Fedorov and Skobeltzyn from Inglis, Orear and Pauling, from Oslo on 7 May 1961. The cable concerns the stalemate in Geneva.

Enclosed with record 117505.

Letter is the proposed text of the cable Rotblat would like to send to the Russians, regarding the stalemate in Geneva.

Enclosed with record 117505.

Handwritten by Edith beneath Rotblat's letter (record 117505) is a copy of BR's reply.
 

Burhop writes that at a recent editorial meeting for the World Federation of Scientific Workers he was asked to write an account for their journal, Scientific World, regarding Joliot-Curie's role and the World Federation's early attempts at international meetings of scientists to discuss nuclear weapons, leading up to Pugwash.

Burhop encloses this account (TD(X), 16 s.) and asks for BR's permission to include two paragraphs of correspondence between BR and Joliot-Curie (record 117510).

Burhop's article is enclosed with record 117509.

BR's secretary writes on BR's behalf, as he is sick and not allowed to write letters, to thank Burhop for his letter of 30 May and its enclosure. "He wishes me to say that he is quite willing that you should include the one or two paragraphs that you suggest including from the correspondence between him and Joliot-Curie in 1955."

Burhop thanks BR's secretary for her letter of 1 June, written on BR's behalf, and its permission to quote BR's correspondence with Joliot-Curie.

"I was very sorry, however, to learn that he is still far from well and would be very grateful if you would convey to him my sincere good wishes for a quick and full recovery."

Eaton writes to BR regarding the attack on Soviet scientists, particularly Topchiev and Fedorov, which was released one week before the Vienna meeting "... in the hope that Khrushchev would be stirred to anger and bitterness. The Soviet Embassy in Washington and the USSR United Nations Mission in New York are investigating the report and are likely to request an official explanation."

He refers to the accusations against Joliot-Curie and Infeld as "... examples of hitting below the belt."

The letter concerns Senator Dodd's attack on the Pugwash Movement.

"It is now clear that the present administration will continue to follow the sterile policies of Dulles unless there is an insistent public demand for the formulation of new and constructive foreign policies."

The letter is also addressed to Paul Doty; Harrison Brown; H. Bentley Glass; and Eugene Rabinowitch with a list of cc names underneath the letter including BR, C.F. Powell; Joseph Rotblat; Linus Pauling; John Edsall; Leo Szilard; William Davidson; Jay Orear; Morton Grodzins and Thomas B. Adams.

Eaton encloses an editorial from the Toronto Financial Post, 3 June 1961, titled "Bigoted and Benighted", as well as one from the Halifax Chronicle-Herald, 30 May 1961, titled "'Perils' of Pugwash". Both express the "indignation" in Canada regarding Senator Thomas J. Dodd's Pugwash report.

"The question has been raised in the House of Commons at Ottawa as to the propriety of a foreign government to undertake an investigation of conferences of scientists held in Canada."

Thirring sends BR his best wishes for a recovery, as he heard through the radio that BR was ill from shingles.

Thirring writes that he is working hard to broadcast the ideas of the Pugwash Conference in Vienna.

"Please forgive me when I am using this letter for making a personal request...."

Thirring asks BR to sign the enclosed petition (not present) to the Romanian dictator, Gheorghiu Dej, on behalf of a 78-year-old former citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as his younger son, due to his relation to a "damned exploiting capitalist", was unable to finish his studies and graduate, and his attempts to emigrate have been unsuccessful. The old man feels "... that a word of a man like Bertrand Russell explaining that the release of the last offspring of an old Austrian family might serve to relax tensions and would possibly help to pierce the Iron Curtain."

BR thanks Thirring for his letter of 10 June. "I am very sorry not to comply with your suggestion—especially as I am completely sympathetic with your object and hope that you may be successful—but I am pretty certain that it would be useless to do so. I wrote directly to Khrushchev in the case of Madame Ivinskaya and her daughter, but I had no acknowledgment and nothing came of it. This persuaded me that such interventions are useless."

[BR was to change his mind about not trying to win the release of family members and perhaps political prisoners.]

Rotblat encloses a letter he wrote to the members of the Pugwash Committee, as well as the first part of the History of Pugwash (record 117519 and record 117520).

Regarding Joliot-Curie's signature on the Manifesto, Rotblat asks BR to confirm if there was a disagreement with BR about one or two sentences.

"The second point is of even greater importance. I seem to remember that when you asked me to help in preparing the first conference you made it clear to me that while you would accept help from any individual you would be against any association with an existing organization, and you had particularly in mind the W.F.S.W. Now Burhop has just written his own version of the history of Pugwash, which he makes out to be almost entirely started by the W.F.S.W., and in it he says that you welcomed support from for the W.F.S.W. and were prepared to work with them. I would be glad if you would let me know your views, so that the matter can be straightened out. As I mentioned to you over the phone, I am very disturbed about Burhop publishing his history at the present time. Apart from being strongly biased, it would only add ammunition to our 'friends' in the U.S. Senate."

Rotblat asks for enlightenment on BR's "Kennedy and Macmillan are worse than Hitler" remark.

Rotblat writes regarding the U.S. report on the Pugwash Conferences and about what actions should be taken by Pugwash. Rotblat lists three questions, along with sub-questions, to gain an understanding as to what the Committee members would like done regarding the report.

Enclosed with record 117518.

Document is a history of the Pugwash Movement, written by Rotblat and retyped by Edith Russell.

Enclosed with record 117518.

BR thanks Young for his "admirably done" report on the Moscow conference.

BR thanks Rotblat for his letter of 12 June and its enclosures.

He thanks Rotblat for his kind words about BR in History of the Pugwash Movement and could not find any errors. BR encloses a copy of the Russell-Einstein Manifesto, though with Infeld's reservations (not present).

Concerning Burhop's Pugwash history, be writes, "I was not very well informed, at the time, about the W.F.S.W. At first, I feared that it would absorb an undue amount of energy, time and money.

It was partly as a result of Joliot-Curie's insistence on procedure by conferences that I came round to supporting this method. When Burhop says I welcomed support from the W.F.S.W., he ought to have said that I welcomed support from individual members of it. I am sorry that I failed to point this out to Burhop."

BR writes that his statement about Macmillan and Kennedy being worse than Hitler "... occurred in an extempore peroration to a speech at Birmingham. I had written out the whole speech, and read it, except the peroration. I enclose the two Birmingham speeches as well as what I said in peroration to the second as far as memory serves. The speech is being published in a pamphlet and this is how the peroration will be worded."

Anne writes regarding a gathering of men, women and children from Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Romania and Germany, at Acadia Farms to show the desire for normal relations with socialist countries.

"We believe that this is an opportune time to draw attention to U.S. misinformation about public opinion in the socialist countries, because of the recent revelation of the similar error of our CIA and State Department concerning the actual feeling of the majority of the Cuban people."

As there will be many prominent women from these countries attending, Anne asks Edith if she could send them a message on that day.

There is a note beneath the letter, in Anne's hand: "My greetings to Lord Russell. Perhaps women can accomplish something productive here! Hope so."

At the top of the letter, in Edith's hand, there is a note: "Cable to be sent on 24 June: copy attached" (record 117524).

Document is a typed draft of Edith's telegram to Anne Eaton.

Edith thanks Anne for her letter of 15 June, which reached Edith late, so she has cabled her a response, which she quotes in her letter (see record 117524 for telegram).

"I hope it will reach you, and in some decipherable form—strained through a most unreliable country telephone and a Welsh-speaking telegraphist, I have grave doubts as to its final form. We most sincerely meant the message in the form in which I sent it."

Anne thanks Edith for her message and enclosed the reports of the meeting (record 117527).

She also encloses newsclippings from the 26 June 1961 issues of the Cleveland Press, titled "Women Key to Peace, Eaton Rally is Told", the Cleveland Plain Dealer, titled "Ease Tensions, Asks Eaton Farm Rally"; and the Akron Beacon Journal, titled "Send Resolution to JFK: Women's Peace Role Eaton Rally Theme".

Document is a report from the Acadia meeting Anne Eaton held. Enclosed with record 117526.

Eaton writes concerning Senator Thomas J. Dodd's appearance on a Cleveland television station the previous night, denouncing the Pugwash movement. "He reiterated his charges that the Soviet scientists were all political tools of an international conspiracy, and that Americans who met with them were deceived and misled."

Eaton encloses photographs from Life magazine as he comments, "When one looks at the striking photographs of the brilliant Soviet scientists in the June 16 issue of Life, one feels a new sense of shock that such an inaccurate and false report could be sued under the imprimatur of the powerful Senate of the United States." He comments that some of the depicted Soviet scientists have participated in Pugwash Conferences.