Rotblat thanks BR for his letter and is glad to hear he will be able to participate in the Pugwash committee meeting, scheduled for 21-23 June. The times for the meetings are dependent on the arrivals in the UK of the members.

Rotblat encloses two letters of invitation for BR to sign and send (not present).

BR thanks Adrian for his letter of 15 June, and is sorry to hear he cannot attend the Moscow Pugwash Conference.

"My trouble is not an illness, but an affliction of the throat that makes swallowing difficult. It is very good of you to offer advice as to where I can get medical assistance, but I have already seen such specialists as were recommended to me by my G.P. and so far they have been unanimous in saying that nothing can be done."

There is a handwritten note at the top of the letter stating, "Adrian's letter sent to Rotblat".

Rotblat writes that the Pugwash committee decided to appoint Wayland Young as the public relations officer.

"I had a chat with Mr. Young and he told me that he would be willing to work for us, and suggested that his emolument be at the rate of £30 per week when he works for us full time. He thinks that he may have to spend about one third of his time on Pugwash, which will make it about £500 per annum."

Rotblat informs BR that Lord Simon informed him that if the Pugwash committee were to get a P.R.O. he would help with the financial side, and asks BR if he is willing to bring up this manner with Simon.

BR informs Simon that the Pugwash committee has appointed Wayland Young as the public relations officer for a trial of twelve months. He asks if Simon would still be willing to pay the whole or part of the £30 a week to hire Young.

"We cannot definitely engage him until we have some assurance that we can get the money. I think, myself, that Wayland Young may be exceedingly useful to us, and if you are looking for a useful way to spend money, I should think this way as useful as any that you could find."

Rotblat thanks BR for forwarding Lord Simon's letter to him, in which he agrees to pay Wayland Young's fees. Rotblat has written to Simon to thank him.

He returns the copies of BR's papers which BR lent to him (not present).

Swartz thanks BR for the invitation to Pugwash, which he has already informed Rotblat that he's accepted.

The American scientists have begun developing ways to secure the funds for the trip and Rotblat has recommended some individuals to provide him with information on how do this.

Swartz plans to be in London 9 August for a period of four to five days, and asks if he can discuss this matter with BR.

BR thanks Swartz for his letter of 15 July. He will be in London 9 August and provides Swartz with his Hasker Street address and telephone number.

Rotblat informs BR that one of the first jobs he has Wayland Young working on is helping to raise funds for Pugwash. He has drafted a letter to go out to three foundations and two individuals and Rotblat asks if BR approves the text, that he would sign the letters (not present).

"We also want to prepare some background material to hand out to the press when we announce the Moscow conference. Enclosed is a draft of this document and I would be glad if you would let me have your comments on it" (record 117411).

The document provides a history of the Pugwash Movement.

Enclosed with record 117410.

BR has signed and sent the letters Rotblat enclosed with his previous letter. He does not have any criticism for the statement of background material.

"I hope you are taking steps to find yourself a secretary whose salary up to £500 I will pay in the first year and hope also in subsequent years."

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Cleaver thanks BR for his letter of 20 July, which was sent to his friend Lewis Waddilove. Waddilove passed the letter onto Cleaver as Cleaver had already received a letter from Wayland Young.

He writes that many of the trustees have heard of the Pugwash Movement through Dame Kathleen Lonsdale. "The work already done and the standing of the people associated with it leaves little doubt here as to the value of these gatherings particularly in the East/West sense. So there will be no hesitations in the minds of my trustees as to the importance of the Pugwash Movement."

"The general problem which your application is likely to raise here is that of resources,—not only in a financial sense but in the extent to which the amount of work with which the trust as a whole can maintain an intelligent and lively contact is bound to be limited. We are already pretty widely stretched."

Document is a "draft press announcement about the Moscow conference" to be handed out 5 September 1960.

Letter is a rough draft by Wayland Young of record 117428.

Rotblat thanks BR for his letter. He has made inquiries about a Pugwash secretary for himself without much success.

He asks BR to sign and send the enclosed letters to the three American committee members (not present).

"I shall be spending this coming weekend at Harlech and I will try to telephone you from there to find out whether there would be a convenient time to visit you."

Holmes (on behalf of Rotblat) encloses letters for BR to sign and send (not present).

Document is the text of a cable received from Topchiev.

Topchiev writes that since about 20 Soviet scientists will participate in the Moscow Pugwash, it is necessary to increase the Western participation from France, the U.K. and U.S.A. correspondingly. Necessary medical care would be provided for BR, whose participation is highly desirable.

Miss French acknowledges BR's 28 July invitation for Powell to attend the Pugwash Conference in Moscow, as Powell is on holiday.

Rotblat writes that American participation in the September conference will be small due to the election and pressure from "the establishment". He calls this "highly deplorable but true."

Due to the size Rotblat asks BR if he agrees that postponing the conference would be best. He asks BR to cable his reply to the Franciscan Hotel, San Francisco.

BR's reply is handwritten on the telegram (record 117433).

Royon encloses an address given by Eaton at a public session of the Pugwash International Conference on Continuing Education, which took place 12-17 August.

"With the conclusion of the Continuing Education Conference another stimulating summer at Pugwash is drawing to a close. Earlier in the season, we were privileged to play host to two highly interesting Pugwash Intellectual Life Conferences of College Presidents and College Deans. As many of you know, the next Pugwash Conference is scheduled to be held during the autumn or early winter in the Soviet Union, where leading nuclear scientists from East and West will address themselves to the problems of disarmament and world security."

Rotblat has just returned from a trip to the United States where he has been discussing the postponement of the Moscow conference, which he fears has caused damage.

However, he expresses that the postponement of the conference was almost inevitable as some of the American scientists they wanted in Moscow are in prominent positions, such as Wiesner who is Kennedy's chief scientific advisor, "... and their participation in a conference in Moscow would probably be used by the other side as a strong electioneering weapon, which could damage very considerably the chances of the Democratic Party."

Rotblat asks BR if he will be in London 10 and 11 September, as the Pugwash Continuing Committee intends on holding a meet those days. "I now have the uncomfortable task of writing to all European participants to apologize for the postponement. I am afraid we have lost a lot of goodwill and I doubt whether many of those who have previously accepted will be able to come next time."

BR thanks Rotblat for his letter of 29 August, and agrees that the postponement is unfortunate but cannot see any other option.

He hopes all returns to normal after the Presidential election.

BR will not be able to attend the Pugwash committee meeting as he has to be in London 13 September where he will be taking part in a televised "debate with Mrs. Roosevelt, Gaitskell and possibly Hailsham."

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Eaton writes to BR regarding the previous day's New York Times and its handling of Khrushchev's visit to Finland.

"In the lead article on page one, the New York Times published its own correspondent's report that the Khrushchev visit had added greatly to the prestige of Finland's President Kekkonen. On page two, President Kekkonen is quoted as saying the Khrushchev visit constituted 'a remarkable manifestation of the friendship and confidence existing between the two countries.' From my own contacts with Finnish leaders, I know that President Kekkonen was speaking in all sincerity."

In contrast to this article, Eaton points out that the previous day's lead editorial commented that Khrushchev's visit to Finland "... 'demonstrated more clearly than ever before his contempt for the usages by, which civilized men and nations behave toward each other.'" Eaton fears that the New York Times is willing to risk world peace, making "... it increasingly urgent for the scientists of the world to speak out forcefully on the grave peril that mankind faces if East and West do not succeed in reaching an early rapprochement."

Preliminary programme for Pugwash Conference on Disarmament and World Security to be held in Moscow 11-18 September 1960.

Also in file: presumed final programme, TD(MIM).

Young writes that Rotblat will have told BR the outcome, or rather lack thereof, of the Dorchester lunch the previous week.

"I have had the most encouraging reaction so far from a General Sir Harold Redman, who came to the lunch from the Wolfsohn Foundation; he tells me that if you were to write to Lord Nathan, who is the Chairman of that Foundation, they would consider it at their next meeting, which is still not till December, and that perhaps good might come of it."

Young encloses a suggested draft letter to Lord Nathan (not present).

Young also writes, "Sad news about poor Lord Simon."

BR thanks Young for his letter of 22 September, and approves the draft letter to Lord Nathan which was enclosed, which BR is sending.

BR writes to Nathan on behalf of the Pugwash Movement, explaining what the Movement is and outlining its activity.

"This Movement has been in the past mainly financed by funds of American origin. It is now desired that the British section of the Movement should be able to rely on funds of British origin, on the grounds that in any international movement it is best that each national component part should be self-financing." He explains that the majority of the funds go towards the fares of the conference delegates.

"I do not know whether the Foundation of which you are Chairman could or would entertain the idea of helping us, but in any case I should be most grateful if you could advise us on the quarters to which we could turn in the hope of raising funds."

A draft of this letter is enclosed, with a note at the top of the letter saying, "Copied and sent 29 Sept. '60".

Rotblat writes that following their conversation the previous Sunday, Young spoke with General Redman of the Wolfson Foundation, who felt a letter from BR and Rotblat demonstrating that the Civil Disobedience Committee had nothing to do with Pugwash would be helpful. Rotblat encloses a letter for BR to sign and send if he approves of it (not present). He also encloses invitations to the Moscow conference for BR to sign and send (not present).

Rotblat feels that no further fundraising should take place for the time being.

This is the first use of the letterhead of the Pugwash Continuing Committee. The Chairman is listed as "The Earl Russell".

Holmes writes on behalf of Rotblat, who wonders if BR could sign the enclosed invitations to the Pugwash committee members and return them to him.

Holmes asks BR to sign the enclosed letters to the secretarial staff for the upcoming Pugwash Conference, and send the letters to America in the provided envelopes, while returning the other three to Rotblat.

Rotblat asks BR to sign and return the enclosed letter (not present).

The Moscow conference preparations have begun, and while BR is not attending, Rotblat asks if there is anything he would like the committee to tell the members, or if there is any special task to put to them.

"One of the active Italian Pugwash members, Professor Boeri, has just died and I wonder whether you would be kind enough to sign and send off the enclosed letter of condolence to Mrs. Boeri."

The reply and 2 telephone numbers are written in BR's hand on Rotblat's telegram to BR (record 117420); dated by Edith Russell.

Note consists of three points, handwritten by Edith (dictated by BR) beneath Rotblat's letter (record 117429):

"1) If Pugwash is, for the present, not raising funds: is there enough money now in the Pugwash exchequer to put the Moscow conference through—get the scientists to Moscow, etc.? If not, how much is needed? Would like to supply what is needed if I have a sufficient sum. It, or some part of it, could be refunded to me when Pugwash can again collect money.

2) Are the letters for Rotblat being sent for by him or are they to be posted?

3) Are the 4 letters without envelopes to be returned to Rotblat?"

Actions taken are described in a 11 Oct. 1960 note by Edith Russell at the top of Rotblat's letter.

BR encloses a short statement for the Moscow conference (record 117436).

He hopes the conference will go well and comments, "At any rate, the Presidential election is out of the way, and I suppose, on the whole, the Russians will find it easier to negotiate with Kennedy than with Nixon. Are your funds not yet in the red?"

Document is a statement for the Pugwash Conference held in Moscow, since due to health, BR cannot attend.

"I earnestly hope that, as on former occasions, the Conference will find it possible to agree on a resolution acceptable, alike, to those who come from East or West or uncommitted nations."

A carbon copy of this letter is also in file. Enclosed with record 117435.

Rotblat thanks BR for his letters and his message to the Pugwash Conference.

"I had a telephone conversation last night with Rabinowitch.

It appears that they are now very keen on this conference and will have a total of about 25 scientists from the U.S.A. Several of these have just been invited and will need letters of invitation as a matter of urgency in order to get their visas." Rotblat asks if BR could sign and send the enclosed eight invitations, and asks if he can also sign and send the enclosed letter to Eaton (not present).

BR informs Rotblat that all of the letters have been signed and sent.

"It is very good news indeed that there is to be so large a contingent from the U.S."

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Eaton writes, "As you undoubtedly know, Professors Rabinowitch, Glass and Brown recently took occasion to issue a statement disavowing any association with me. Professors Doty and Wiesner were active collaborators, although their names did not appear. The statement took the form of a letter to the editors of the New York Herald Tribune and the Washington Post, and purported to speak for all of the Pugwash scientists."

Eaton has not issued a statement and felt it was important to write to BR about the matter so he "... will know that I have not been a party to the mis-statements of which the five American scientists have irresponsibly accused me."

Rotblat asks BR to sign and send the enclosed invitation to Father Dubarle and return the blank one to him (not present).

Rotblat is glad to hear that four or five Chinese scientists will be attending.

The verso of the sheet has a good deal of scribbling on it.

Edith has received a telephoned cable from Eaton. Eaton and his wife will be attending the Pugwash Conference in Moscow and have already informed Topchiev.

The telegram is being posted to BR and Rotblat. "My husband is doing a television for the Welsh BBC (on why he likes to live in Wales—with the promise of two minutes to be spent on nuclear disarmament!) so that I am unable to ask him how necessary it is to get this message to you quickly."

The cable is not in the file.

Powell cables BR from Moscow to inform him that the Pugwash Conference reached a successful conclusion the previous day.

A statement was issued, which Powell endorsed, and passed unanimously but for three abstentions.

Document is the statement issued at the Sixth Pugwash Conference of Scientists in Moscow, 27 November-5 December 1960.

Document includes a list of participants.

Another copy is also in the file.

Eaton encloses a clipping from the New York Times, 8 Dec. 1960, "In the Nation: Another Extension of the Nuclear Testing Ban" by Arthur Krock.

BR thanks Eaton for his letter of 9 December and its enclosed clipping from the New York Times.

"I shall regard it as utterly disastrous if America decides to renew tests, but I am somewhat doubtful as to what I can do about it except indirectly by rousing public opinion in Britain to bring pressure on the British government. I do not feel that things said by me in criticism of American policy are likely to carry much weight in America."

Typed on the verso of Eaton's letter.

Eaton informs BR that over the weekend Robert E. Wilson took a stand for the resumption of nuclear testing and expansion of armaments, and Eaton has been informed that Senator Clinton P. Anderson is also urging the renewal of tests. "A concerted campaign is obviously underway to persuade the new administration to this point of view."

Rotblat thanks BR for his letter of 16 December.

Dr. Lindop is now much better, expecting to return to her work early in the new year.

Eaton writes that Thomas C. Schelling, who is opposed to disarmament, is publicizing his impressions of the recent Moscow Pugwash Conference in the day's New York Times, titled "Discussing Arms Control: Strong Soviet Motivation toward Disarmament Doubted", which Eaton encloses.

"On this side of the Atlantic, all of those who share Schelling's view are constantly endeavoring to influence public opinion." Those of the opposite opinion are timid.

Topchiev encloses a clipping from Pravda in which Khrushchev replies to Eaton's letter accompanying the papers of the Fifth Pugwash Conference.

He wishes BR and his family a Happy New Year.

BR replies to Powell's letter of 12 November 1959, thanking him for the address Powell sent him and advises he looks forward to reading it.

He notifies Powell he is unable to address the Society. "I now-a-days confine myself almost entirely to matters concerned with nuclear warfare and to occasions where I have a chance of speaking on this theme."

Typed on the verso of Powell's letter (record 117338).

There are three sheets of paper in this grouping; two of them form the letter. The third sheet appears to be a diary entry.

It is not complete.

The letter is written on printed letterhead from Windsor Castle.

Agatha has had dinner with her parents, Queen Victoria, Prince and Princess Christian, Princess Louise, Lady Churchill and Lord Normanby. She draws the seating plan—they all sat at one circular table.

Agatha provides details of philosophers whom she is reading.

Despite the date, there is no mention of BR's birth.

Rollo "wrote a capital letter to Bertie."

Annotated by Margaret Lloyd: "On Rollo's severe illness, resulting in the amputation of a leg."

This letter is located after the letter dated 21 May 1913.

It is not complete; it has no salutation. This is the first letter by Agatha without a date; all letters that follow it in the file are undated.

The letter on Pembroke Lodge letterhead is not complete; it has no salutation or closing.

The letter on Pembroke Lodge letterhead is not complete; it has no salutation.

The letter on Chesham Place letterhead is not complete; it has no salutation or closing.

There are drawings of people.

This letter is not complete; it has no salutation. Two sheets are written on "Agatha" letterhead, the third on Pembroke Lodge letterhead.

It is annotated: "From a former private tutor".

Rotblat writes that while there is not much to report on Pugwash activities, quite a lot has been occurring behind the scenes. The next Pugwash Conference is going to be on the same subject as the Moscow conference, and is set to take place in the United States. The Pugwash committee will be holding a meeting 3-5 March, to finalize their plans, and Rotblat asks BR if he will be in London.

Rotblat encloses the minutes from the last Pugwash Continuing Committee meeting (record 117492). The Moscow conference appears to have been influential.

Minutes of Pugwash committee meeting. Another copy is in the file.

Enclosed with record 117491.

BR thanks Rotblat for his letter of 26 January, and informs him that he will not likely be able to attend the Pugwash Continuing Committee meetings 3-5 March but cannot say for sure yet.

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Young encloses a note about Pugwash's Moscow conference for BR (record 117495).

Young has prepared information covering the Pugwash Conference in Moscow, including information on the participation, history of the movement and discussion on disarmament versus arms control.

In the file are also the agenda for the conference, a memorandum on a proposed Pugwash magazine and cost estimates.

Enclosed with record 117494.

Eaton encloses an editorial and cartoon (not present) from the New York Daily News, 10 Feb. "The supposedly impartial and judicious President of the United Nations General Assembly must not be allowed to get away with using the influence he possesses, by reason of his office, to collaborate with America's largest daily of mass circulation in waging a holy war."

BR has written at the top: "Put away".

Royon encloses a reprinted page of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 6 March 1960, which features Eaton and his "... campaign to create better international understanding. The Sunday Plain Dealer has a circulation of more than half a million."

She compliments BR on his debate with Edward Teller.

Adams writes to BR regarding a peace march in Chicago that spring. "As part of this program, I have been asked to address a South Side rally on March 22 to discuss the efforts of the Campaign for Unilateral Disarmament in England. The film on the Aldermaston march last year will be shown."

Adams asks BR if he would send a short message to the meeting in Chicago.

Beneath Adams' letter there is a handwritten notation of her address, as well as a draft cable message.
 

The invitations for the Pugwash Conference in the United States are beginning to be sent out. Rotblat asks BR if he would sign and send the enclosed invitations for scientists in Europe and Canada (not present). He asks BR to return the blank letters to him after they have been signed.

Rotblat encloses invitations for the Pugwash Conference in the United States, requesting that BR sign and return them to Rotblat (not present).

Holmes requests, on Rotblat's behalf, that BR sign the enclosed invitations so Rotblat can forward them to the Soviet Academy for distribution (not present).

She also encloses a copy of minutes from the Pugwash Continuing Committee meeting in London on 5-7 March (record 117503).