Thirring writes that the Theodor Körner Stiftungsfonds, a foundation for promoting arts and science, which supplied the funds for the Kitzbuhel meeting, is planning to publish a booklet with the statement of the third Pugwash meeting, as well as the speeches given on the 20th at the Academy in the morning and the Town Hall in the afternoon. It will be printed in German.

Thirring requests if a copy of the manuscript of speeches could be made available, as they only have the tape recordings of these speeches and transcribing from a foreign language is costly.

He expresses his regret at not having more time to spend with BR during his stay in Vienna. Thirring uses Pugwash letterhead. Russell is listed as Chairman of the Continuing Committee.

Thirring asks for BR's comments on the former's education paper, "which I handed to you in the Imperial".

BR has now had time to read Thirring's paper on education, which he read "... with interest and very complete approval." He addresses points in Thirring's paper throughout the letter concluding, "I am grateful to you for letting me see your paper. I do not know what method you envisage for getting the necessary reforms adopted."

"My wife and I are very grateful to you and the others at Vienna for all you did to make our visit to Austria delightful as well as interesting."

There is a bracketed note below stating "(Addition about B.R.'s Education for Democracy.)"

BR addresses his letter, "Dear Powell (I think we might drop formality, don't you?)".

He asks Powell if he could return the copy of BR's speech given in Vienna, as his other copy was appropriated by the Russians, and Thirring requires one.

Powell writes that he does not have a copy of BR's speech as he believes he gave it to Eaton, to make his own remarks.

"Thirring has also asked me if I can give him a copy of my speech, to save him the trouble of taking it off the tapes, but I had given the Russians my copy of my remarks. In this situation, I am writing to Thirring to ask him to be kind enough to send me a duplicate of the tapes, from which I shall get your speech and my own transcribed."

Sharp encloses a review (record 117244) for the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists. He writes "thought you may think my adherence to your view very under qualified—and perhaps it is—I find your statements on the subject extraordinarily heartening as well as clear."

Document is a review written for the Bulletin of the Atomic scientists. At the top is a reference to No More War by Linus Pauling and World Peace through World Law by Grenville Clark and Louis B. Sohn.

It reviews the works of Edward Teller and Linus Pauling, Grenville Clark and Louis B. Sohn, as well as making reference to, and agreeing with, BR's ideas, regarding nuclear warfare.

Enclosed with record 117243.

BR thanks Sharp for his letter of 16 October and the enclosed review of Pauling and Clark and Sohn.

"I agree with everything that you say in your review, including some things with which you may have thought I should disagree. I do not advocate unilateral disarmament for either side except in an abstract and theoretical manner. It is obvious that what is really desirable, if it can be achieved, is some such agreement between the two sides as will make war extremely unlikely."

"A new reason for apprehension has arisen lately through the attempt to embroil the moon in our disputes."

Royon writes, "This candid column by the influential Sunday editor of the conservative Cleveland Plain Dealer indicates that Mr. Eaton is making headway in his consistent campaign to encourage an understanding between nations of differing views."

Enclosed in the article, titled "Porter on Eaton Talk", by Philip W. Porter, from the Cleveland Plain Dealer, 23 Oct. 1958.

Royon encloses a letter from Ali Nekunam, UN Political Affairs Officer, a "... welcome if belated recognition of the Anglo-American Conference from the United Nations" (record 117248).

Nekunam acknowledges Eaton's letter of 14 August to the Secretary-General and its enclosed Pugwash statement of the Anglo-American Conference.

"In accordance with the relevant rules of procedure of the Disarmament Commission, your letter and the statement have been included in the official list of communications received by the United Nations relative to matters of which the Commission is seized. This list is circulated periodically as a document to all the members of the Disarmament Commission for their information."

Enclosed with record 117247.

Royon writes that since Eaton's return from Russia and the Third Pugwash Conference, "... he has been seizing every opportunity to make public addresses urging greater international understanding in the light of his observations."

She encloses a clipping from the October 31 issue of the Cincinnati Post and Times-Star, titled "Ike, Khrush Urged to End War Threat; Exchange Visits, Not Letters, Eaton Pleads", which "... summarizes the speech [Eaton] delivered last week in Washington, D.C., at one of the largest gatherings ever assembled in the long history of the influential National Press Club."

BR writes to Taylor regarding a letter to the editor in the New Statesman, "The Power of Scientists" by Hyman Levy, in which Levy states that Taylor has been attacking scientists (record 117251). BR replies that scientists have done more than many to inform the world of the consequences of nuclear war. "You apparently do not know about the Pugwash movement which first brought East and West together in informal conferences and has made quite astonishing progress in practical suggestions for diminishing the war danger." "If you are going to blame scientists for the techniques they have discovered, you might equally blame the inventors of printing who made modern governmental propaganda possible."

Levy writes in response to the attacks being made by Taylor, who has been denouncing scientists with claims that they do not care for humans and have no moral judgment.

Enclosed with document .117250.

Burhop thanks BR for his note of 29 October regarding his participation in the Kitzbuhel conference.

"There is no doubt that the influence of the discussions and resolution of the Kitzbuhel conference is growing and will continue to grow. We can only hope that it will help to bring about decisive action in the political field before it is too late."

Rotblat asks BR to sign and send the enclosed letters (not present).

He also asks if BR will be in attendance at the meeting of the Pugwash committee during 20-22 December.

BR has signed and sent the letters to the Aliens Department. He cannot be in London during the Pugwash committee meetings.

"I am sending you under separate cover a volume on Pugwash which may have escaped your notice. If you know anybody neither too young nor too old for it, you can pass it on as a Christmas present." [Perhaps this was a volume on Pugwash, Nova Scotia.] BR and Edith send Christmas greetings.

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Eaton thanks BR for the greetings from the Pugwash Continuing Committee on his 75th birthday.

"Inspired by your message and your example alike, I can do no less than redouble my own efforts for better world understanding in the coming year."

Thirring sends Christmas greetings to BR and Edith, and encloses "a scientific proposal for further activities of the Pugwash group" which he has drafted. Also enclosed is his "Rundschreiben 1958".

"I am feeling that my suggestions are well in accordance with the ideas you hinted at by speaking of the opinions of A and B in your open letters to Sydney Hook. Therefore I am hurrying to enclose the proposal to this letter to you before I return to Austria—and hence also the inadequate form which I hope you will forgive me."

He thanks BR for his letter of 19 October.

All names are typed onto the mimeo, as well as BR's return address and the date.

BR writes regarding the Third Pugwash Conference. "In the statement issued from the Conference, the earnest hope was expressed that the agreement by the technical experts at Geneva, on the feasibility of detecting test explosions, would soon be followed by international agreement leading to the cessation of all nuclear weapons tests and an effective system of control. As members of the Continuing Committee, we would like to express our great concern, which we believe is shared by our colleagues, and indeed by scientists all over the world, with the difficulties of the present negotiations at Geneva to secure a settlement on these issues."

Skidmore encloses the text of the address given by Eaton at the Economic Club of Detroit, which was the largest gathering in the Club's 25-year history. The speech is titled "Is the Globe Big Enough for Both Capitalism and Communism?" and was given 24 November 1958.

Rotblat encloses a copy of the letter the Pugwash committee sent to the newspapers (record 117257), though The Times has refused to publish it, which, according to Rotblat, is because they wanted to have an exclusive on the letter.

"At the last meeting of the Pugwash committee, we decided to invite Sir Edward Bullard to serve on the Pugwash committee. Bullard was the Head of the British Delegates at the Geneva Conference of Experts last June and, as such, he will bring a touch of respectability to our committee, as far as the establishment here is concerned."

BR encloses the letter of invitation to Bullard which he has signed (not present), and approves of inviting him.

He is glad to see the Pugwash letter in the Manchester Guardian, and informs Rotblat that "The Times rang me up to say that it never prints letters that are not exclusive, even if the other papers addressed are foreign. I think this was merely an excuse."

Eaton encloses a transcript of talks made at a luncheon in honour of Soviet Deputy Premier Mikoyan. "You will be especially interested in Mr. Mikoyan's observations on the dangers of war, and Dr. Higgins' statement on cooperation among scientists."

Rotblat encloses minutes (record 117263) of the last Pugwash Continuing Committee meeting, held in London in December.

"There are several things in connection with the proposed action I should like to discuss and I would be glad if you would let me know a convenient time for me to come and have a chat with you."

Pugwash Continuing Committee letter, questionnaire and minutes from the meeting are present.

Enclosed with the letter are two mimeo copies of the letter written by the Pugwash committee members on 31 December 1958 (record 117257). One copy is signed poorly by BR.

Enclosed with record 117262.

Eaton writes: "The assertion of Secretary of State Dulles, before the New York Bar Association Saturday evening, that we cannot make agreements with the Soviets because they are atheists is low demagoguery. His simultaneous threat to abolish the United Nations if it does not denounce the Soviets and all their works can only be classified as unbelievable arrogance."

BR thanks Eaton for his letter of 2 February and its information regarding Dulles's speech.

"I quite agree with you that 'these dangerous Dulles doctrines ought to be denounced'. Could you let me have a report, or better still a copy, of his speech which I can quote if controversy arises?"

Typed on the verso of Eaton's letter.

Royon encloses an "... American appraisal of the international policies that Mr. Cyrus Eaton has been urging from the January 21st issue of the Nation magazine", which is not present.

Eaton thanks BR for his letter of the 8th, replying that he does not have access to Dulles' speech but encloses an article titled, "Dulles Blasts U.N.", Chicago Sunday Tribune, 1 Feb. 1959, as well as an article titled, "Dulles Urges U.N. By Force for Law", New York Times, 1 Feb. 1959, which he feels cover the highlights of the speech.

Re arrangements for a meeting.

Re arrangements for a meeting.

Apparently they worked on a preface by BR for her book on "The YMCA Government of China". It is later in the folder.

Letterhead: White Star Line. On Board S.S. Adriatic. BR now addresses her as "Rachel".

"Alas! After consulting Dora I refused the Harvard invitation; so you must come to Europe."

"It has been proved by statistical enquiries among American college girls that their minds only work when they are in a fury. I have read various learned papers, full of percentiles and such things, proving this point. Get furious, and you will finish your manuscript in a week."

BR withdraws something critical he said about Dora.

Re "The British Game in China".

Re England, Japan, France and the USSR. "The Irish, as I have known them, hate reality...."

"My new book is a last pot-boiler...." Beacon Hill School.

My books have completely ceased to sell in America...." BR's new book will be on "19th century political ideas".

File also contains some much later notes on the dates of Russell's marriages and divorces, presumably made by Brooks. The notes go up to 1952.

"Dora has been behaving very shabbily...."

On China in her book on her family: Sun Yat-sen and Chiang Kai-shek.

In China BR thought Brooks was "very far from being an Orthodox Christian".

Re China.

"I am rapidly marching towards my anecdotage...."

BR is glad "to learn of the possibility of the publication of your thesis" (re John G. Slater and K. Blackwell's efforts).

The letter is not complete.

She tried to publish the first chapter of her book, "The YMCA Government of China".

She would like BR to come to the US so they can catch up.

A charming letter, mentioning the index to Vol. 2 of BR's Autobiography, the 1914 recommendation of "Mysticism and Logic" at Oberlin College, Power, her pleasure at BR's mention of her in his Autobiography, the American mother, and John Bowlby. "... Take care to live until my book comes out."

Bullard writes that he cannot definitely say he can attend the June Pugwash conference, as he may have to be at a government meeting in Washington.

"I watched you on television last night and thought it was most effective. You really came over very well. Congratulations."

BR encloses a Russian-language letter which he cannot understand, and wonders if anybody on Rotblat's staff can translate it (record 117308).

A note at the foot of the letter states, "Russian (?Academy of Philos.?) letter enclosed".

Rotblat asks BR if he will sign and send another set of letters (not present).

He writes about the next topic of Pugwash being biological weapons, which the committee had discussed as a possibility at their last meeting. Based on his conversations with experts on biological weapons Rotblat writes, "... it appears that it will be practically impossible to deliver biological weapons. On the other hand, it may be quite easy for small nations to produce a sufficient amount of germs or toxins to be of great nuisance value in a local war."

Rotblat comments that he enjoyed BR's TV appearance the previous week.

BR agrees with Rotblat's letter of 13 March, and has signed and sent the 21 letters Rotblat enclosed.

Royon encloses a clipping titled, "Cyrus Eaton's Wife Sets Speaking Pace", The Christian Science Monitor, 19 March 1959, to "... give you a glimpse of the forceful manner in which Mrs. Eaton is telling the Pugwash story to the public at every opportunity."

Eaton encloses an address (record 117291) given by Walter S. Robinson, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs, to the Canadian Club in Ottawa.

"To my mind, Robertson's brilliance of rhetoric falls just short of concealing the fact that he is talking sheer buncombe, which regrettably must be taken as a full and official expression of present American policy on the Far East. If the State Department persists in this policy, I do not see how the United States can escape utter destruction."

Document is "Text of Address by U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Walter S. Robertson before Canadian Club Ottawa, Canada".

Enclosed with record 117290.

BR encloses a letter from Zareh Nubar, as he is unsure if there is anything to be done in regards to it, but that "... if there were anything to be done, you were the person to do it" (not present).

BR writes in a postscript that he also encloses his letter to Nubar (typed on the verso of this document).

BR thanks Nubar for his letter of 4 April, which he has sent to Rotblat who is concerned with the Pugwash movement.

Typed on the verso of BR's letter to Rotblat.

Rotblat writes that he's just returned from France, where a Pugwash committee meeting was held, and hopes to send BR the minutes from the meeting in the next few days.

He has received a number of replies, and acceptances to the Pugwash Conference, with the exception of the British delegates, which Rotblat believes is "... (possibly because of their participation in a secret government committee)". The main problem they are encountering with the Conference is financial support though, "... the committee has decided to ask Eaton whether he will sponsor this conference. I am particularly glad about this decision, since there has been a marked tendency, among some members of the committee, to cut ourselves off completely from Eaton. They in fact went so far as to suggest that we should drop the name Pugwash altogether."

Rotblat asks if he may visit BR next week.

Royon writes, "I have just learned from Professor Rotblat that you do not have a copy of your brilliant Vienna address, so I am sending you several" (not present).

BR thanks Royon for the copies of his Vienna address and warm wishes to himself and Lady Russell.

Letter is typed on the verso of Royon's letter.

Bullard writes that when he joined the Pugwash committee he did not expect further negotiations in Geneva, and due to this he must resign from the committee.

"I am very sorry about this, but am sure that I am more usefully employed in connection with the official negotiations which I regard as of very great importance." [The negotiations concerned the nuclear test ban. A moratorium had gone into effect on 31 Oct. 1958.]

BR thanks Bullard for his letter of 22 April, and understands the reasons for his resignation from the Pugwash committee.

Typed on the verso of Bullard's 22 April letter.

"The deliberate stalling of the Geneva conference on test suspension is increasing tremendously the danger of nuclear annihilation."

Eaton encloses a letter he sent to Senator Fulbright, Chairman of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

Rotblat asks BR to sign and send the enclosed letters (not present).

"As you will see, we are trying to get some more people to attend the biological conference."

He also sends BR belated, but hearty, birthday wishes.

BR thanks Rotblat for the birthday wishes and has signed and sent the letters.

"I observe that Bullard still appears on the note paper. Is not this unwise?"

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Eaton's daughter, Lissy Jones, has been given a trip to England and will be in Chester on the 15th of July.

"It would be the most unforgettable experience of Lissy's life if she could see you. She has just finished Why I Am Not a Christian and has decided never to bother reading another philosopher. She knows, of course, that it might not be convenient for you to see them; we don't want to impose on you and Lady Russell in any way. I have given her permission to phone you from Chester, in hope that she may pay her respects."

Mrs. Eaton asks for a signed photograph of BR. There is a handwritten note by Edith attached to the letter stating: "Queens Hotel Chest 25036".

Eaton has had "the greatest success" quoting some of BR's asides in Vienna, especially "the Trojan War is the one war that every man understood the cause of."

BR thanks Mrs. Eaton for her letter of 24 June.

"I am hoping to hear from your daughter when she arrives in Chester and it will be a pleasure to us both to see her and Miss Jermyn while they are in this part of the world."

He encloses a signed photograph (not present).

The participants at the Fourth Pugwash Conference, held in Baden, sent BR and Edith their best.

"We are discussing at this meeting the most urgent problems of the day, the question of world security. We are glad to note that many of the ideas, which have been put forward for the first time at previous Pugwash conferences are not being discussed at government levels, although with not as much success as we would like to see."

The letter is also signed by Sissakian, and typed on letterhead of the Fourth Pugwash Conference.

Enclosed is a list of the participants at the Fourth Pugwash Conference, Baden, Austria, 25 June to 4 July 1959.

Boyko writes to BR regarding the preparatory steps for the creation of the Universal Academy of Arts and Sciences. "This Academy ... is thought as a transnational forum of the best of our and the following generations, where the vital problems of mankind can be discussed objectively, scientifically and outside of all group-interest from a global point of view. We are convinced that recommendations from such a forum to UNO, governments, and peoples will gradually achieve an influential impact on all vital decisions."

Enclosed is a letter from Boyko to Rotblat.

There is a note in parenthesis at the top to send this as a telegram. Boyko had requested "a few lines of sympathy or a telegram to the first of these meetings", which was in Oegstgeest-Leiden.

Muggendje writes on behalf of Rotblat, asking BR to sign and send the enclosed letters regarding the conference on biological and chemical warfare.

The letter is mistakenly dated 1949.

Enclosed with record 117286. The letter seems to be a request to contribute to a philosophy journal.

BR thanks Price for his letter and enclosed cheque of £100, which is being sent to Rotblat for Pugwash's use.

BR encloses a letter from Price, of the Atomic Scientists' Association and a cheque for £100 from Price, for the Pugwash meeting (not present).

BR reiterates that Bullard is still on the letterhead, although he has resigned.

Anne thanks the Russells for their visit with Lissy Jones while she was in England.

Anne has read BR's article in the Saturday Evening Post and writes, "If such wisdom can be printed in the Post, all things are possible! It is most heartening."

Rotblat thanks BR for his letter of 21 July and enclosed cheque from the A.S.A. Rotblat encloses a letter for BR to sign acknowledging the cheque, as the previous year's cheque had not been acknowledged (not present).

The reason Bullard's name is still present on the letterhead is that a large batch was printed with Bullard's name, and a new batch has not yet been printed. "I enclose a draft of the Address of Welcome for the Pugwash Conference on Biological and Chemical Warfare [record 117313]. This is only a draft and entirely up to you to amend it, to remove parts from it or to change it altogether. You will notice reference made in it to a statement by General Creasy and I enclose a cutting from a paper which contains this reference (17 June 1959 article from the Cleveland Plain Dealer)."

Rotblat also encloses a recording tape, asking BR to record the address and send it back (not present).

There are notes in Edith Russell's hand at the top.

Document is Rotblat's draft of BR's Address to the Pugwash Conference on Biological and Chemical Warfare.

The last page of this document contains the "Programme of Conference on Biological and Chemical Warfare", which is to be held at Pugwash, Nova Scotia, between 24 and 30 Aug. 1958. Enclosed with record 117312.

BR thanks Rotblat for the draft of his Address to the upcoming Pugwash Conference, and the recording tape.

"The remarks of General Creasey as reported in the Cleveland Plain Dealer are very impressive and very a propos."

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter (record 117312).

Powell writes that he assumes BR received a telegram from Eaton in September suggesting that the Pugwash Committee endorse Khrushchev's statement. Powell was out of the country at the time, and feels he would have thought it unwise to endorse Khrushchev.

"I am not sure, however, that the general development of opinion on this issue has not been sufficiently favourable to make some action along the lines Mr. Eaton had in mind appropriate. In particular it seems that his suggestions have been very sympathetically received, and that the whole perspectives for disarmament have thereby been extended. Perhaps the great advantages of a very wide degree of disarmament might be stressed by the Continuing Committee at an appropriate moment. I have particularly in mind that widespread disarmament would enormously ease the problems of control."

At the foot of the letter is a note which reads, "Copy to: Professor Rotblat".

Lindop writes on behalf of Rotblat, who is in Geneva, to thank BR for sending back the tape recording of his opening address to the Pugwash Conference.

"It looks as if there will be about 20 scientists at the meeting covering most of the field, but we are waiting to hear from Mr. Eaton about whether he has been able to contact a meteorologist, and a Chinese participant."

"Mark L [her child] is developing rapidly and should soon be able to walk to Penrhyndeudraeth to see you!"

As Rotblat is at a meeting in Montreux, Lindop writes that there have been suggestions to approach Charlie Chaplin about the Pugwash Conference to interest him, and perhaps get some financial support from him. "This is badly needed for the European group if we are not to be entirely financed by the U.S.A. Professor Rotblat felt it would be better if you were willing to write to Chaplin to ask him to contact Professor Rotblat in Montreux, which is very near Vevey where Chaplin lives."

Lindop encloses a letter to sign and send to Chaplin, as well as Pugwash letterhead in case BR wished to rewrite the letter (not present).

BR has signed the letters Lindop enclosed on 5 August and found nothing to change in the letter to Charlie Chaplin.

In a postscript BR writes, "We shall welcome Mark when he walks here and hope that both he and his mother will do so soon."

Typed on the verso of Lindop's letter (document .117317).

Eaton writes that an impressive aspect of the Pugwash Conference was the Soviet scientists. "Not only did they demonstrate that they fully equal their colleagues from other countries as specialists in their fields, but they also consistently displayed a considerably broader knowledge of activities within the governments and military establishments of their own and other countries in both East and West. The Russians are obviously working hard to make the most of this world, and leaving to others preoccupation with the theoretical benefits of the world to come."

A disappointment of the Conference was that "more than a few" of the Continuing Committee members were unable to attend.

BR informs Powell that he will be at Hasker Street from 10 Sept. to the end of Sept. As such it might be easier for the Japanese whom Powell telephoned BR about to visit BR at Hasker Street than Plas Penrhyn.

Powell writes that Shimonaga visited him the previous day and offered to pay travelling expenses for about ten prominent scientists to go to Japan and discuss "... topics of international importance in a friendly and peaceful atmosphere."

"I had some difficulty in replying adequately to this invitation, because, in my opinion, it is not really of very great value to us at the present time. The important question is: What should these ten scientists talk about? We are not at a different stage from that of three or four years ago, when it really was useful to speak in terms of generalities, and issue public statements. I said, however, how grateful we were for his support, and I told him that there would be a number of scientific conferences in Japan in 1961, when assistance from him might be valuable in bringing people together."

Royon encloses a copy of the proceedings at Pugwash for BR, along with a copy of their letter of transmittal conference participants (not present).

A photocopy of this letter (as a form letter) is also present.

Rotblat encloses a letter he has written to Eaton regarding the recent conference on biological and chemical warfare, following his conversation with BR the previous day (record 117324).

Rotblat is sorry he and Eaton do not agree on the outcome of the conference, as he has spoken to several people since the Pugwash Conference who unanimously agree that the statement is a good document. "Nobody has suggested that the value of the document is in any way diminished by the statement that the participants did not know the result of work going on in secret. On the question of a comparison with nuclear weapons, here too the unanimous opinion was that such a comparison was absolutely necessary, particular in view of suggestions made in some quarters that there is no need to worry unduly about nuclear weapons, when an even greater menace exists in biological and chemical weapons."

Enclosed with record 117323.

Eaton cables BR regarding Khrushchev's United Nations address, "... calling for abandonment of war and universal disarmament [which] comprehensively and eloquently embodies the goals and ideals that our Pugwash Conference have consistently urged." Rotblat would like to issue a statement supporting Khrushchev, which he would like BR to sign, and feels that the complete text of Khrushchev's speech should be circulated.

Enclosed is a typed copy of BR's reply to this telegram (record 117326).

Edith Russell noted at the top that Rotblat sent the reply cable.

BR replies to Eaton's telegram stating that he fully approves Khrushchev's plan, however does not think it advisable to endorse him for political reasons. BR did endorse Khrushchev's proposals at a public rally the previous day.

Enclosed with record 117325.

Royon encloses a copy of the proceedings of the Third Pugwash Conference of Nuclear Scientists (not present).

"We should have liked to place this volume in your hands earlier, but were obliged to postpone its publication until we completed the mailing of the Vienna Declaration to approximately 30,000 of the world's leading nuclear scientists."

Royon also encloses the Vienna Declaration (not present).

[The letter is the same as that at record 117322 but is not personalized.]

Rabinowitch writes to BR regarding Khrushchev's proposal. "If one could assume that Khruschev's proposal is not merely sincere, but also serious, and that the Pugwash Movement could mobilize public opinion for its support, I would not hesitate; but while I believe that the Russians would like to see far-reaching disarmament, to be able to concentrate on their lagging production of consumer goods, I do no believe that Khrushchev's complete disarmament proposal is meant seriously, and what is more important, I do not believe that the Pugwash Movement could be a strong influence in its support."

Rabinowitch questions the competence of the Pugwash Continuing Committee to issue statements that commit the Movement.

BR thanks Powell for his letter of 22 October.

"For my part, I publicly expressed my whole-hearted approval of Krushchev's suggestions, but I did not think that the Pugwash committee, as such, should express any opinion on the matter. I replied to Mr. Eaton's telegram in this sense."

Regarding Powell's suggestion that there is now more reason to agree with Khrushchev's statement, BR writes, "I am not yet sure what I think, and my opinion would partly depend on the views of the various members of the committee as I should not wish the movement to be split on this subject. Otherwise I agree with you with what you say."

The reply is written on the verso of Powell's letter.

BR thanks Rabinowitch for his letter of 28 September, regarding a disagreement with Eaton.

"I could imagine a situation in which I should think a political pronouncement by Pugwash appropriate, but it could be only about some matter as to which there was no division between East and West. I was glad to find that Rotblat takes the same view about the present issue as you and I do."

Rabinowitch informs BR he fully agrees with the attitude BR expressed in a telegram to Eaton.

Royon writes to enclose a clipping from the Cleveland Plain Dealer, titled "Eaton Praised in Czech Letter", 29 Oct. 1959, as well as excerpts from letters Eaton has received from various Heads of State, who received the proceedings of the Pugwash Conference (record 117333).

Document is "Excerpts from Letters of Heads of State Commenting on Proceedings of Pugwash Conference of International Scientists on Biological and Chemical Warfare". The date on the cover page ranges from 24 to 30 Oct. 1959.

Leaders include Canada's John G. Diefenbaker, Great Britain's Harold Macmillan, Cuba's Fidel Castro, Mexico's Adolfo Lopez Mateos, Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, Hungary's Ferenc Munnich and many others, each commenting on the Pugwash Conference.

Rotblat thanks BR for sending him the letter from Topchiev, and is glad to learn that it has been agreed to hold the conference in Moscow. Rotblat asks BR his thoughts on holding the meeting in Moscow, and if he will be able to attend it.

"Not knowing what your reaction would be I put down an evasive reply in the letter which I enclose in hope that you will agree on it and sent it to Topchiev. If you don't will you please perhaps change the letter" (not present).

Rotblat also asks BR to sign the enclosed letter to the Home Office regarding visas for Skobeltzyn and Pavlinchenko, who will be attending the December meeting (not present).

BR thanks Rotblat for his letter 2 November, and has signed and sent the letters to Topchiev and the Home Office.

"You were quite right to make my letter to Topchiev evasive, as I have not yet made up my mind as to the desirability of my going to Moscow."

He expects to be in London for the December meetings.

Typed on the verso of Rotblat's letter.

Rotblat thanks BR for his letter of 4 November and informs him that the London meeting will take place on 18-20 December.

"It will be too much asking you to sit in during all the meetings, but if you could be with us perhaps during the first meeting on the 18th, and the last meeting, probably Monday morning 21st December, when the decisions about the future conferences will be made, we would be most grateful."

Eaton expresses his delight at Philip Noel-Baker, an associate at the Third Pugwash Conference, winning the 1959 Nobel Peace Prize.

"You will recall the brilliant 'Memorandum on Disarmament' that Noel-Baker presented at Kitzbuhel. The views that he expressed there clearly reflect the courageous thinking that lead to the Nobel Prize."

Eaton notes that the Pugwash committee might consider issuing a statement regarding this, and is sending the same letter to the other members of the committee, "... and shall look forward to learning what the consensus is."