BR would like Tylor to answer three of his questions. "a) How long a lapse of time do the authorities allow for paying death duties? b) How much would Child be prepared to lend on the security of our two houses? c) What would Stanley Unwin be prepared to pay? As to this, if copyrights have to be sold, it will be much better to sell them to Allen and Unwin than to anybody else." BR wants to avoid stringency for his heirs after his death.

BR refers her to Couturat's La Logique de Leibniz, his own Philosophy of Leibniz, and Couturat's Opuscules et Fragments Inédits de Leibniz. "The Princes and Princesses whom he wished to please were, primarily, the ruling House of Hanover on whom he depended for his livelihood, and also the Queen of Prussia, the Princess of Wales (afterwards Queen Caroline) and Prince Eugene Savoy. Voltaire did not misunderstand Leibniz as he chose to present himself to the public. Read for example Le Théodicée."

"I am writing to recommend to your favour an American psychiatrist Dr. Isidore Siverstein. He wishes to spend a year in Russia studying Soviet methods in psychiatry, which he believes to be in certain definite respects better than the methods practised in America."

"I am sorry to say that, although I have hunted through a number of my books, I have not succeeded in finding the passage that you quote, though I have no doubt that I wrote it. Could the French author give any help?"

"... it is forty years since I last worked at the principles of mathematics or mathematical logic and my knowledge is now somewhat out-of-date. I should advise you to find some younger man who is working on the foundations of mathematics who could, I hope, give you the sort of advice that you want."

"In a full-scale nuclear war the most destructive danger will be fire storms. These will kill everybody, even in very deep shelters, either by heat or by lack of oxygen, whichever operates the more quickly. Fire storms will turn the oxygen in the air into carbon monoxide which is poisonous and heavier than air so that it will seep into underground shelters. All the Authorities know this, but shelters and all forms of civil defence are an attempt to conceal the knowledge for the public."

"In your issue of May 12, in the leading article entitled 'Deterrent Decision', you enumerate three policies which Britain might have pursued.... The first (although you do not say so) is the policy of British unilateralists. You say that it is now too late for this policy a statement which I cannot accept."

"1) legal action {telephone | photographs of buildings 2) Defence vs. calling it a Communist 3) BR's support of Spies for Peace broke open way for people to uphold spies 4) Timing".

Re Feuer's The Scientific Intellectual which BR finds "very interesting". "I have been particularly interested in your biographical data—more especially, those about Copernicus and Newton. There are some respects in which I find difficulty in agreeing with you, notably where you bring in psychoanalysis. The conflict of science and religion ... seems to me psychologically a conflict between curiosity and fear such as one may often see in animals."

"Like all other lovers of peace, I welcome the Pope's encyclical. I enclose a copy of a statement <not present> which I made about it."

"£63 + £17 Cheques sent to Cardiff Peace Committee for coach (£80) to take Welsh to Holy Loch for demonstration on May 25".

"Autographed photo and 3 autographs to 14 year old Norwegian boy".

"Everything is being pronounced more nearly as it is spelled." A list of words with phonetic mark-ups follows. They include: "Dalziel > Di|el > Dalil".

"I am sorry to say that the passage you enclose from your forthcoming book contains errors of facts which I should have to repudiate if published. I was not in Dartmoor, but in Brixton; I was never asked to do any prison work; and all the prison officials, without exception, treated me with the utmost politeness ... Perhaps you can substitute a well-disguised fictional character."

BR thanks him for the birthday letter and congratulations him on his marriage.

"I did send a message to the Addis Ababa Conference and it was emphatically in support of Nkrumah. You ask whether I have any plans about de Gaulle. I am sorry to say that I have none: he is very unapproachable. I believe that Ralph Schoenman is in communication with you about the prospective Foundation here and I greatly hope that Ghana may do something to help it." Re BRPF.

"I am glad you liked my book Unarmed Victory which reviewers in England have almost entirely boycotted."

BR thanks him for his book about Moham Lal and sends him Unarmed Victory. "I am much interested by what you have to say about the past relations between the British and the Afghans. The Afghan war of 1878 of which my family strongly disapproved is my earliest political recollection."

"I should be grateful if from the date of your receipt of this letter until further notice you would pay to Mrs. Ruby Griffiths on my account the sum of £4.10.0 a week."

"Mrs. Griffiths".

"Mrs. Edwards—No".

"Nell—No".

"Amethe".

BR has so far only read parts of Overend's "The United Nations and the Conflict of Morals" but finds himself in "strong agreement" with what he has read. "Declarations not backed by force and not having the force of law are merely devices for making people feel virtuous without being so." BR refers him to Has Man a Future? for his views on world government.

BR thanks Hilton warmly for her book Logic, Computing Machines and Automation, of which he has only read parts, but finds those parts very interesting. "In particular, I am grateful for the nice things you say about Principia Mathematica and about me. The followers of Gödel had almost persuaded me that the twenty man-years spent on the Principia had been wasted and that the book had better be forgotten. It is a comfort to find that you do not take this view."

BR thanks her for the book Silent Traveller in London. "I found this book great fun and it was interesting to see how different London looks through Chinese eyes."

Re the Greek government, the situation in Greece, Greek support for Hitler, averting nuclear war, and establishing a truly democratic government in Greece.

"I am afraid I have nothing useful to contribute in regard to the Faroe Islands, although a first cousin of mine was British Consul there at the time of Queen Victoria's death, of which he remained uninformed for several months."

"All that you say about the James-Lange theory of emotions is interesting and I am quite willing to believe that what I said about it in the Analysis of Mind is erroneous. But, as it is forty years since I worked on the subject, I cannot now have a definite view, especially as it is a long time since I have done any philosophical work."

"... please convey my thanks to the Librarian for his suggestion. I have not yet made up my mind as to the disposal of my papers, but I will certainly consider leaving them to Trinity. I should be proud to be in the neighbourhood of Lycidas."

BR thanks her for sending the miniature orange tree. "As for Boethius, much as I admire him, I do not think I can compete with Alfred the Great Chaucer and Elizabeth."

BR will send him the documents as soon as he gets back to Wales.

BR apologizes for not writing to her after her visit, although Edith did write to her but she must not have received her letter.

BR suggests that he read Portraits from Memory for what he has to say about Joseph Conrad. "He was, as you know, legally Austrian and, when he expressed a desire for the sea, his family tried to induce him to go into the Austrian navy. But he wanted something more adventurous and therefore decided on the British Merchant service. ... I admired and loved him partly because his intensely passionate nature was controlled by an immense will-power and subdued to the purposes of art and life."

"I am sorry Paine's admirers are troubling you, but I do not see what I can do about it as I have a much higher opinion of Paine than you have. ... I get a great many abusive letters myself and I have developed a habit of ignoring them, which I find prevents vexation."

"I accept with pleasure your suggestion that I should write an article of about two thousand words on 'The Immorality of the Cold War', and I thank you for the generous fee of five hundred pounds."

BR thanks him for the Ethiopian Herald. "Your Emperor is a very interesting figure and I am glad to find him so admirable. It is heartening to find the Africans behaving so intelligently."

"I noted with pleasure that you stress the Latin substitution of 'verbum' for 'logos'. It has always seemed to me that this substitution distorted what Roman Theology took over from the Greek. Your quotation of Hume on Euclid was one which I had not previously noticed and which gives me much pleasure. I particularly like your comments on it."

Re the grandchildren's allowances, which are to be given quarterly.

A message for the Association's conference: "To find ways of promoting co-existence is far the most important problem facing the world at the present day. If this problem is not solved, it is unlikely that the human race will long continue to exist."

BR encloses a message for a conference. See record 128074.

"I have just sent you the article which you requested on 'Is the Cold War Immoral?'. I shall be grateful if you will make out the cheque for this article, not to me, but to the Bertrand Russell Peace Fund...."

"Dear

New Africa, 58 Paddington Street, London W1".

On whether a world government should use nuclear weapons to suppress an insurrection: "In view of the fact that knowledge of how to make weapons of mass destruction is not likely to be lost, it seems to me that the only hope of permanently avoiding nuclear war is a World Government strong enough to defeat any rebellion against its authority. The World Government should, of course, be democratic.... It should be part of the business of the World Authority to control the raw materials required for the making of nuclear weapons and so to prevent their manufacture." The reference is to p. 161 of the English edition of Bertrand Russell Speaks His Mind.

BR comments on the article "An Agnostic in Doubt" by Allan Dawson. "I am very much amused by the Editor's headline as I had always supposed that being in doubt was the definition of an agnostic. The argument that agnosticism offers us a less cheerful picture of the universe than is offered by those who think that their friends go to Heaven and their enemies go to Hell is totally irrelevant. The belief that one should accept whatever view pleases one's prejudices, even if there is no evidence in favour of such a view, leads, inevitably, to persecution, censorship and obscurantist dogmatism.... It is dogmatism that is the enemy, not this or that dogma."

"My house in London (43 Hasker Street) was recently entered by a burglar. He found two bottles of Red Hackle, consumed them on the spot, and thereupon considered further depredations unnecessary. I consider this a tribute to Red Hackle and accordingly I owe you a debt of gratitude. Will you kindly send me two dozen bottles of Red Hackle...."

"I have read the typed letters to Frege that you enclose. I am very sorry indeed that I do not feel that I can undertake to translate them ... I do not remember whether they were originally in English or in German. In any case, they seem to me very confused and unsatisfactory. I was bewildered by the contradiction and floundered about like a man who is out of his depth and cannot swim."

"It is infinitely to be regretted that your book about China failed to get published, but it is not surprising since it told things that America wished not to know."

"I am sorry you have been having a bad time and I enclose a loan of fifty pounds."

"I wonder whether you are really going to be tried for heresy. When I knew you in China, I had the impression that you were very far from being an orthodox Christian."

Ammerman wishes to reprint three of his writings—two of which he will need to obtain permission from Allen & Unwin. "You propose to include in your book Strawson 'On Referring'. I wonder whether you would consent to include in your book my reply to this article in My Philosophical Development, Chapter XVIII. As you will see, if you read this reply, I think very ill of Strawson's article and I should not wish it to seem as if I had no answer to him."

BR thanks him for the "... profoundly interesting article on the Queen of Sheba. I knew nothing about her beyond what is in the Old Testament and I had no idea that Haile Selassie claims descent from her and Solomon."

BR sends all his royalty statements for the last three years from every publisher.

"... I am hoping that, in principle, you may be willing to consider buying a certain number of copyrights after I am dead, either of books of which you are the publisher or of other books of mine. I do not see how else my heirs [i.e., my family] can escape a period of destitution." Re death duties on the (capitalized) posthumous sales of BR's books.

"We are delighted to hear that Mark has a little sister and, especially, that there is another Patricia Esdale in the land."

"I have no copy of this book for which I was not completely responsible. But the substance of it is contained in articles in the Monist of about the year 1919."

"I am surprised and pleased to find my letter about China and the test ban in your paper."

BR thanks her for her book on his ethical doctrines. "Ever since I abandoned the doctrines of Moore's Principia Ethica, I have suffered a violent conflict between what I felt and what I found myself compelled to believe." "I could not bring myself to think that Auschwitz was wicked only because Hitler was defeated.…"

"You're letter, just received, is both surprising and disquieting. My own recollection of our conversation is quite definitely that you conveyed the opinion of Rabinowitch, and this is also the recollection of my secretary <likely Schoenman>.... We are both firmly convinced that you said ... that the arguments against publishing my original letter to the Bulletin were those of Rabinowitch as well as of yourself."

"I am distressed by your letter as I had no intention whatever of accusing you of lying or of anything else that might impair our friendship. ... I am very sorry that there was a misunderstanding and still more sorry that you felt that I had been unjust and unfriendly, but I must stand by what I have written on behalf of Pauling for the Bulletin."

Re the grandchildren's bank accounts.

"I am sorry that I do not feel able to change my mind about translating letters to Frege into English. I am quite convinced that you are now more familiar with the letters than I am and, as I mentioned before, I am so overwhelmed with business that I cannot undertake anything avoidable." BR has no views as to copyright in the letters.

BR encloses an autographed photograph. "I am glad you are writing an anti-war work."

"I am sorry not to have spoken with you on the telephone but I was, at the time, ill and so asked my secretary <Schoenman?> to do so in my stead.... I will do my utmost to get the article to you in a fortnight."

"The Bulletin called Nuclear Information is very interesting and I should like your permission to quote it in an article that I am writing."

"Thank you very much for sending me your book on Santayana. So far, I have only dipped into it, but I find it full of interest...."

"Charles Ellis | Christopher Farley | Nicholas Johnson | Ralph Schoenman | Pamela Wood | Alastair Yule".

"As regards your suggestion about Picasso I do not know in the least whether he would be willing to make an emblem for Pugwash, but, if he would, it would no doubt be useful."

"I should be grateful if you would tell me how long my article ought to be ad what you wish the article to have." BR thanks him for sending copies of Schilpp's papers.

"Gladly sponsor Pauling rally. Regret cannot approach Belgian Queen."

"I have communicated the contents of your letter to the Secretary of the 2 Foundations for Peace and he will get in touch with you immediately."

"I shall be grateful if you will convey to the Organizers of the First International Congress on Sociology and Peace my thanks for their invitation and my profound regret that engagements in England make it impossible for me to come to Mexico in November."

"So far as I am concerned, you are entirely at liberty to make any use you like of the papers at the Public Record Office that you mention."

BR would be happy to meet with him and Sra. Allende while in London next week.

Re their refusal to print his article in The New York Times. "... my only way of describing the ideal newspaper and of illustrating and making clear my points was to mention ways in which it would differ from actual present-day newspapers. In order to spare the sensibilities of American readers, I drew almost all my instances from the British press. Though the article doubtless 'tells' my 'opinions on a variety of other subjects', the accurate précis of the article, which I append herewith, seems to show that your editors are wrong in saying that 'there is very little' in it 'on what ideal newspapers would be like'." 

Two pages of notes on what BR did in his article follow.

"I agree completely with what you say about the disastrous consequences of negro violence should it occur on a large scale." BR encloses a memorandum of his reasons against violence, which "If you think best you could send it to Mr. Boggs or make any other use of it that seems to you suitable."

BR encloses a memorandum entitled "Should the Negro Movement in the U.S. remain non-violent?"

"1) I was standing on the bridge over the Rother at the age of about 12. An old countryman came by and I asked him the name of the river. He replied: 'She ain't got no name and she don't want one'."

"2) In the neighing village of Easebourne [sic] there is a tombstone representing a man killing his wife. The man and the wife, in spite of his having murdered her, were buried together. The village, which being given to smuggling, had no love of the police, had combined to keep his crime a secret, but could not refrain from depicting it on his tombstone."

"I should be glad to know of a proof that the propositions of logic are not tautologies. You say that you have such a proof. I should be grateful if you would send it to me."

"I enclose some surtax demands. If they have your sanction, I shall be grateful if you will pay them out of the tax certificates that I acquired some time ago."

"Assuming that the number of things in the universe is infinite, and assuming all observed A's are B's, there will be an infinite number of classes in which all A's are B's as well as of classes in which not all A's are B's. It would seem to follow that, however many A's have been observed to be B's and none have been observed to be not B's, it is even chances that all A's are B's. This does not invalidate the conclusion that induction by simple enumeration is invalid."

BR thanks him for his book The Haunted Fifties, especially for what it says on Cuba. "The Startling Sixties are proving even more startling than they seemed. I suggest that you write two further volumes: The Sepulchral Seventies and The Silent Eighties. This last volume should consist of only one sentence: 'During this decade, nothing has been heard from the Planet Earth'."

"The idea which has been put about to the effect that I am more anti-American than anti-Russian is due to ignorant hostile propaganda."

"I am glad that Flora <Russell> is buying some of the letters and I should like to see all my grandfather's letters collected." (Re Lord John Russell.)

BR has signed the duplicate agreements. He will destroy the originals [it seems he did not]. "To my annoyance the plan which you and my lawyer had concocted on the subject of death duties was decided by him to have tax loopholes. He has therefore concocted another plan, far less satisfactory from a financial point of view."

"I cannot think of anything suitable for your purpose, except possibly some quotation from The Conquest of Happiness. If you find anything suitable, I leave the choice to you, and give you my permission to use the passage subject to the consent of Allen and Unwin."

"It would take me considerable time to look into the matter and I am very fully occupied with quite different subjects. The best book, as far as I know, is Cyril Bailey's The Greek Atomists and Epicurus."

"The course you suggest in regard to the French translation of The Problems of Philosophy has my complete approval."

"I think that Lawrence wanted authority, but only in the interest of an orthodoxy invented by himself. ... I am glad to find that your view on Lawrence is in such large measure in agreement with mine."

"I am much interested by the letter from Calderoni which you quote. I knew Vailati's work only on the logical foundations of mathematics. I had great respect for this work as appears in my Principles of Mathematics."

BR is looking forward to the books that Adler is sending.

"Your support of the Foundation is very comforting and I am particularly grateful for the promise of financial support."

"We follow the peace making efforts of the Emperor <Haile Selassi of Ethiopia> with the greatest interest and approval. Do you think that he would be likely to approve of the Foundations that have been lately unofficially establish in my name? I enclose the inaugural statement about them."

"I should be very happy to join the Merioneth Branch of the RSPCA and to contribute an annual subscription of £5."

BR refers her to his chapter in Portraits from Memory called "How to Grow Old" for what little he has to say about death. "Have you read Evelyn Waugh's The Loved One? It deals effectively with your comment."

"As regards your letter to my wife, she agrees with you that the executors of her will should be English and, specifically, should be yourself and Charles Drover if you are willing."

"You will know that you have my deep sympathy in the death of your child; perhaps as a result of the wickedness of governments." BR refers her to Christopher Farley.