Powell was present in court at Rosenberg case review. He informs BR that it is true that the Rosenbergs were indicted under one statute and tried under another.

Rosenbaum thanks BR for sending a message to be read at the Committee meeting. Rosenbaum encloses a document and asks BR to sign and return it (not present).

Acker congratulates BR for his efforts on the Sobell case and indicates that "many thousands of Canadians have protested Sobell's conviction".

Acker writes from Regina, Sask., Canada.

Jacobs tells BR of the success of the Carnegie Hall meeting and a recent court hearing. The prosecution finally concedes that "Morton had been kidnapped illegally from Mexico". He asks if he can pass on BR's message read at Carnegie Hall to other Sobell meetings.

A copy of B&R B115 is attached.

BR thanks Jacobs for his letter and is happy that it has been acknowledged that Morton was illegally kidnapped from Mexico. He thinks it will be hard to win in Kaufman's court. BR gives permission for his Carnegie Hall message to be used however Jacobs likes.

The reply is typed on the verso of Jacobs' letter (see record 70806).

Wexley is honoured that BR's main source for the Manchester Guardian letters was his book, The Judgment of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. Wexley asks BR for a statement on the book for advertising purposes.

BR is happy to express his appreciation of Wexley's book, The Judgment of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. He writes, "I hope that a great many people will read your book and realize that a great injustice was done to the Rosenbergs and to Sobell, the former, alas, now irremediable." Wexley is free to use BR's letter as a blurb.

The reply is typed on the verso of Wexley's letter (see record 70808).

Arnold, a nationalistic American, vehemently asserts Sobell's guilt, saying "he should have gone to the electric chair with the Rosenbergs". He criticizes BR's stand on the Sobell case, arguing, "I am afraid that you were taken in by the Reds, like the great Albert Einstein. He was a dupe in their hands, like a number of great men in their professions but naive as children."

Levitas wrote to BR on April 18, 1956 but received no reply. He encloses some supplementary booklets with information on the Sobell case. He writes: "Our communist press is devoting substantial space to this issue, utilizing your name for all it's worth." The booklets, reprinted from The New Leader, are by S. Andhil Fineberg and Nathan Glazer.

BR notes that Levitas' pamphlets ignore the fact that Sobell was illegally kidnapped. He is disappointed that the communist press is devoting substantial space to him since the issue does not involve "the merits or demerits of communism". Typed on the verso of Levitas' letter of June 28, 1956.

Andreu has read a forwarded copy of BR's debate in the Manchester Guardian and could not resist adding her own opinion criticizing Wade Mack's defence of the F.B.I. She encloses a letter to the Manchester Guardian. She hopes that people who observed the Poznan trial would attend the Smith Act trial on Nov. 24 in San Juan and says "I expect the F.B.I. will stage quite a performance."

Marzani asks BR for permission to use quotations from his letters in the Manchester Guardian and the letter to Wexley. The New York Times insists on it. A postscript thanks BR for his reply cable just received.

Kerby encloses Frontier, Nov. 1956, with reviews of three books on the Rosenberg case.

The editors of The University of Chicago Law Review invite BR to review Malcolm Sharp's book, Was Justice Done?. They would like the review by Jan. 1, 1957 so that it can be included in their spring issue.

BR agrees to write a review of Sharp's book. He asks for a copy of the book and how long the review should be. The reply is typed on the verso of Lederer's letter (see record 70816).

Rose Sobell encloses a letter and a book of poetry from Helen Sobell. She asks BR if he would write to a widely read publication in support of Sobell. She informs BR of the latest developments on Sobell's situation.

Also enclosed is a photo of Morton Sobell and Cameron Associates' ad in the New York Times Book Review with BR's blurb printed first.

Lederer is happy that BR will review Sharp's book which he has mailed to BR separately. He informs BR that a review is typically between 2000-3000 words.

Cameron criticizes the New York Times' advertising policy. He thanks BR for his permission to quote him and is sending a copy of Wexley's book.

Helen Sobell sends BR copies of current motions for the U.S. Court of Appeals. She is hopeful that these motions will free her husband or order a new trial. She will inform BR of the date of any new hearing, which he is welcome to attend.

Rose Sobell sends BR a recent photo of Morton (see F-2). Copies of legal briefs to the Appeals Court have been sent to BR. U.S. Senator William Langer is speaking at an important dinner, and Rose asks BR for a written message.

Jacobs informs BR of the latest "harrassment" in the Sobell case over entry to the U.S. of his Mexican lawyer. An enclosed memorandum explains the situation (not present). Jacobs believes that Ponton will be able to enter the U.S. to argue before the court.

BR hopes Ponton will be permitted to enter the U.S. and is shocked "that there should be any difficulty in the matter". The reply is typed on Jacobs' letter (see record 70823).

Senator Langer who was supposed to speak at a dinner on Feb. 22 has been suddenly hospitalized. Rose Sobell beseeches BR to to come to the dinner to speak.

Helen Sobell sends BR a copy of a letter she has released for publication. It is an appeal sent to President Eisenhower and signed by eminent Americans.

Helen Sobell encloses notes made by Luis Sanchez Ponton, Sobell's Mexican attorney. Ponton presented the knowing use of perjured testimony against Morton Sobell and the violation of the extradition treaty between the U.S. and Mexico.

Sobell's letter is enclosed with Rose Sobell's letter of Nov. 8, 1956, from which it is dated. The enclosed book of Helen Sobell's poetry is You, Who Love Life, illustrated by Rockwell Kent (New York: Sydman Press, 1956).

While Morton Sobell's appeal is being considered, allegations that the Rosenbergs stole satellite plans are being circulated.

Harold Urey is "searching for ways to combat this fraud".

Rose Sobell asks BR for a public statement on the matter.

BR is happy that his review of Sharp's book was well received. He hopes that the courts will take notice of Sobell's illegal kidnapping. BR allows any use of his article likely to "further the cause" of freeing Sobell.

Sharp and the editors of the University of Chicago Law Review were very pleased with BR's review of Sharp's book. Ted Jacobs, of the Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell, wishes to reprint BR's review.

Katz encloses a letter from Norman Thomas that was published in the New York Times in support of Sobell.

BR's letters in the Manchester Guardian initiated Thomas's response and more editorials in other American newspapers. Katz details the false stories and bad press that has circulated coinciding with the request for a new Sobell trial or hearing. BR is asked to make a statement.

BR feels strongly about the Sobell case but is reluctant to intervene further. He says "I think it is better to leave the matter in their hands since any intervention by a non-American tends to produce a nationalist reaction."

Jacobs informs BR of an upcoming radio broadcast discussion about the Sobell case. William Kuntsler, Roy Cohn and Malcolm Sharp are the featured guests on various radio programmes.

A Detroit News reprint is enclosed (not present).

The document is a copy of a letter sent to Helen Sobell by Carleton Beals, former consultant to the U.S. government on Mexican affairs. Beals offers his views on the case proceedings: "I know of no other instance of miscarriage of justice, or more brazen denial of elementary human rights, in the history of jurisprudence in this or any other country."

Helen and Rose Sobell invite BR to become an honorary sponsor of the Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell so that they may list his name on their stationery.

Helen Sobell encloses newspaper reprints from the Sunday Oregonian, Christian Century, and an appeal by Reinhold Niebuhr. She hopes that BR will raise public awareness of them through publishing or writing about them.

Enclosed is an appeal statement signed by several prominent Americans. Morton Sobell has been moved from Alcatraz to an Atlanta prison. Helen and Rose Sobell ask that the statement be circulated to friends and colleagues.

Helen Sobell encloses a letter from Vincenzina Vanzetti who expresses her sympathy and support. Sobell thinks that BR might be interested in publishing the letter and informs him of the latest news concerning Morton.

Jacobs encloses a statement by Horace Kallen, author and professor of philosophy. Jacobs asks that the statement be published or written about.

The letter is addressed "Dear Editor". It is presumed that copies were sent to various publications and to BR for interest and information's sake.

Avi-Shaul is an Israeli writer and a founder of the League for the Rights of Man. He asks BR to sign an enclosed appeal (not present) in an effort to raise international support for the Sobell case.

BR agrees to sign the petition that Avi-Shaul enclosed and sends it back to him.

The reply is copied on the verso of Avi-Shaul's letter (see record 70841).

Jacobs encloses a bulletin of a resolution written by the California Democratic Council. He offers several avenues to gather information for those interested in examining the case further.

There are two copies of the enclosed bulletin, a TL(MIM) and a TC.

Billings informs BR of recently growing support for Sobell. He is hopeful to keep the case in the political arena because this is an election year. BR is invited to speak at a large public meeting in June.

BR is glad to hear that a national appeal for Morton Sobell is being organized but he cannot participate. Due to currency regulations, BR cannot even send a contribution but does send his "heartfelt wishes for the success of the appeal."

Helen Sobell informs BR of the progress of the appeal in the White House. In order to keep the matter before the Presidential advisors, they are taking out a number of signed one-inch ads. She asks BR to sign the text of an enclosed ad (not present) and return it.

A note in Edith Russell's hand states "Signed & sent 2 Dec. '60".

Sobell's lawyers have requested an appointment with the Attorney General and sent a letter to President Kennedy. Helen Sobell asks BR to write a letter to Kennedy during these first few days of the new administration.

BR sympathizes with Helen Sobell's efforts but thinks a letter from him would do more harm than good, considering his unpopular activities regarding nuclear disarmament.

The reply is typed on the verso of Helen Sobell's letter (see record 70847).

Helen Sobell reports progress in their efforts. The Justice Department is reviewing the case and she asks for those with influence and prestige to write to the U.S. President supporting Sobell.

Jacobs informs honorary sponsors of latest developments. He encloses a statement that Sobell's lawyers submitted to the Justice Department and letters of support from Sobell's family.

Helen Sobell asks for a renewal of appeal to the President to grant a Christmas amnesty. It is the twelfth year of Morton Sobell's imprisonment.

The letter is titled: "A Plea to Editors throughout the United States". Helen Sobell briefly pleads her husband's case and informs readers that Morton Sobell's parole eligibility has been delayed until Aug. 4, 1962. She asks editors to write news on the case recommending clemency.

Helen Sobell is planning a visit to Europe to procure further international support. She asks if she can meet with BR and any individuals that BR knows in a position to help.

Enclosed is an itinerary of her trip.

BR iterates his support for Sobell. Now he is devoting all his time to the Committee of 100 and the struggle against nuclear war. Next week BR is "giving evidence at the Old Bailey on behalf of six members of the Committee of 100". He cannot make definite arrangements at the time but suggests to Helen Sobell that she call him to arrange a meeting.

The New York Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell is making a film of interviews of eminent people talking about the Sobell case. BR is asked to be interviewed for it. She informs BR that Robert Kennedy is not willing to submit the question of executive clemency to the President. An article from Amnesty by Derek Blackman on the Sobell case is enclosed.

Schoenman indicates that BR has had recent contact with Helen Sobell and was not asked to do a filmed interview. BR is willing to do an interview if it is Helen Sobell's wish. Schoenman awaits confirmation and suggests convenient times to do the interview.

Rodker informs Schoenman that appeals for executive clemency and parole have been rejected. She will confer with Helen Sobell to see if she still wants BR to do an interview. The Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell exists in little more than name at present.

Schoenman makes suggestions on possible new courses of action such as approaching the Mexican authorities on the kidnapping of Sobell as a violation of international law or circulating a petition.

He notes that BR has written dozens of letters without effect.

Katz informs BR that Sobell's Oct. 30 parole hearing was excellent. Attending V.I.P.s were optimistic while the family seemed to lack hope. Enclosed is a letter sent to newspapers pointing out a major concession by the U.S. government regarding Ethel Rosenberg: "If Ethel Rosenberg's appeal were held now, under fair conditions, her conviction would probably have to be reversed." Katz refers to BR's "wonderful letter to the Board", i.e. the Parole Board. Katz is certain that the American press will not cover the story.

BR is glad to hear that Morton Sobell got a fair parole hearing and is delighted if his letter to the Board helped in any way.

Helen Sobell is beginning an effort to form a Commission of Inquiry to re-examine the Rosenberg-Sobell case but first requires the signatures of a substantial body of citizens. BR is asked for his signature.

2 copies of a letter iterating Sobell's case and a letter from the Parole Board are enclosed.

Helen Sobell gives the latest news on how Morton Sobell is doing and the efforts of the Committee.

A signed note asking for a donation is enclosed.

The Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell is renewing its efforts to pardon Morton Sobell in a campaign. BR is asked for his support via written material and is asked permission to use such a written statement in a press release.

A letter summarizing the Sobell case, for background information, is enclosed.

A draft of BR's reply appears at the top of the letter in Schoenman's hand.

BR writes a message of support for the new Sobell campaign: "The continued imprisonment of Morton Sobell is one of the blatant instances of injustice and malicious persecution of which I know. He is an innocent man who should be released after 13 years of suffering."

Helen Sobell informs BR of recent Sobell case publicity. The Committee is undertaking a new effort now that President Johnson is starting his first term on his own.

Sobell is being transferred to a minimum security prison in Lewisburg, Pa. The Committee is planning ads in the New York Times and BR is asked for permission to use his name.

A note at the top in Edith Russell's hand states "Signed & returned 6/2/65".

BR thanks the Bulletin for their insistence on editorial accuracy regarding an article that BR wrote for them. He then asks why they would publish an article by Bentley Glass which criticizes Linus Pauling as having made exaggerations and misstatements of fact without substantiation.

BR says: "It impugns a man's integrity" and calls for immediate steps to make reparations.

Another TL(TC,CAR) copy of the letter is attached. For another typed copy, see record 70880, enclosure.

Adams informs BR that she has forwarded his letter of Sept. 8 to Rabinowitch who is on holiday in Italy. She expresses her pleasure in meeting BR at the previous Pugwash session.

BR has spoken to Seymour Melman who is concerned about experiences he has had with Rabinowitch. He says: "Rabinovich, it appears, has refused to review or permit reviews of Melman's book." BR has recommended that Melman contact Pauling about Pugwash and Rabinowitch.

The letter, which is unsigned, is assumed to be from Schoenman.

Rabinowitch apologizes for the delay in replying as the letter was forwarded to multiple destinations. He tells BR that the Bulletin and Pauling have come to an understanding.

BR is not satisfied with Rabinowitch's reply on the Pauling case (see record 70870) and asks for the proper enclosure, an editor's note, to be sent next time.

Adams apologizes for having sent BR the Pauling article rather than the editor's note, which she encloses. She tells BR that Pauling is satisfied with the reply. The actual enclosure, galley proofs of Pauling's "Genetic Effects of Weapons Tests", appears to belong to Rabinowitch's letter of 1962/10/25.

BR feels that the Bulletin has behaved improperly in its treatment of Pauling. He says, "You neither apologise, retract printed statements to the effect that Linus Pauling has lied, substantiate those statements, nor oblige Professor Glass to withdraw them or substantiate them." He wishes his letter of last September to Rabinowitch be published (see record 70867).

BR's letter of November 23 has just reached Rabinowitch since he has been on sabbatical. Rabinowitch defends the actions of the Bulletin regarding fact checking. He is sure the Bulletin will publish BR's letter of 1962/09/08 but hopes that BR will not insist.

BR requests again that his letter on Pauling be printed in the Bulletin.

BR expresses his support for Pauling over the actions of the Bulletin and informs Pauling of his recent correspondence with Rabinowitch on the issue. BR asks Pauling for his opinion and whether he would like BR's letter to be printed or for the matter to be dropped.

Pauling thanks BR for his support and expresses his dissatisfaction with Rabinowitch and Glass. He encourages BR to have his letter published.

Enclosed is a page from the Bulletin which contains Pauling's letter and "a pretty unsatisfactory reply by the editor".

Another TL(TC) copy of this letter is attached.

Rotblat gives his perspective of the events of the Pauling controversy and implores BR not to have his letter published for fear that the stir it would create would endanger the success of Pugwash.

BR appreciates Rotblat's difficulties but "cannot help feeling that Pauling has been badly treated." BR has written to Pauling to ask his opinion on what should be done.

At the foot is a typed copy of BR's handwritten postscript on the ribbon copy of the letter.

BR encloses his letter of Sept. 8 and asks that it be published with an additional note in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.

Dated from record 70880. BR tells Pauling that he has written to Rabinowitch asking that his Sept. 8 letter be published and encloses a copy.

BR does not see why Glass would resign because of a defence of Pauling nor does he see a threat to Pugwash. He expresses his opinion of the matter and his reasons for publishing the letter, which Pauling has urged him to do.

There are 3 more TL(CAR) copies of this letter attached. This ribbon copy is folded, as if for mailing, and Edith Russell has noted at the top: "Copy sent to Pauling 14/10/63".

Schoenman encloses a summary of a telephone conversation he had with Pauling, "who tells me that nothing has been done to set up a Pugwash Committee in the United States, despite the last conference."

The letterhead is that of 22 Argyll Mansions, Kings Road, London SW3.

Rotblat came to see BR imploring him not to publish his letter until hearing Glass's case. BR has written Glass a letter, a copy of which is enclosed for Pauling.

BR feels that Glass's criticism of Pauling was "too vague and general", which has left Pauling unable to confess error or categorically defend himself. BR asks Glass for the details behind his accusations against Pauling and will hold up his letter to the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists pending Glass's reply.

BR informs Rabinowitch of his discussion with Rotblat, and that he has decided to hold up his letter pending a reply from Bentley Glass.

Glass admits an error in judgment in not expounding a detailed criticism of Pauling, which he gives here. He concludes by saying that since Pauling has corrected his error estimates, "there seems to me to be little point in a discussion in public of our differences."

Glass encloses a letter he sent to the Bulletin documenting the details of his criticism of Pauling.

BR thanks Glass for this letter but still believes that the matter ought to be made public. He writes: "I feel so strongly that scientific controversy can only be fruitful if it is documented by evidence that I am sending a letter to the Bulletin to that effect of which I enclose a copy."

Pauling thanks BR for his letters and looks forward to learning of the replies BR will get from Glass and Rabinowitch. He hopes BR will disregard Rotblat's contention that the Bulletin has damaging information, and insists BR publish his letter.

BR informs Pauling of the letter he received from Glass which he does not find satisfactory. He is sending the Bulletin a new letter which is enclosed. He says: "In deference to Rotblat, I have made this letter as unprovocative as I could."

The new letter is to replace the old letter of Sept. 8, 1962 (record 70867).

Lascelles seeks to know whether the "suggestion" of the Award of the Order of Merit on the King's birthday is agreeable to BR. BR has written in one corner, in pencil: "Rt Hon Sir Alan GCVO, KCB".

[The document is in its own box with the badge itself. The grant of the O.M. is in an oversize art box above range 7, by 4.]

The Delphic Amphiktriones (as BR spells their name) invite BR to join the group. The letter is in Greek.

The signature may be that of Spiro Manoliches, whose name appears on an associated envelope but postmarked 9 Jan. 1963.

The Council of the Society wishes to award BR a prize from the W.H. Heinemann Foundation for Literature.

BR's secretary has indicated in one corner BR's acceptance on 1947/03/31.

The prize is in respect of "that wonderful work History of Western Philosophy".

BR is asked to remit 1 guinea, being half of the annual subscription to the Fellowship of the Society.

On June 11, while BR was at the Sorbonne, the Society's President Lord Lytton announced the Award of a Heinemann Prize to BR and that the presentation would be made on October 24.

Friedrich is President of the Deutscher Friedensrat. He would have liked to visit BR personally to hand him the Carl von Ossietzky medal. Instead, he asks BR to receive Johanna Andersen-Nexo, a Danish member of the German Peace Council. With the letter, which is in German, is an English translation also on letterhead and signed by Friedrich.

Friedrich sends BR the GDR Peace Council's warmest wishes for his 91st birthday. He notes that the East German Peace Movement "does not altogether share your views" but that even school children know BR's name.

With this letter, which is in German, is an English translation that is also on letterhead and is signed by Friedrich.

Keller presents BR with the Grotius medal conferred upon BR by the Seventh Grotius Day.

Keller reports that BR's message was received well in the papers and was "manifolded" under the title "Survival through International Law".

BR thanks Keller for the Grotius medal and the title given to his message; also for what Keller said about Schweitzer.

Keller encloses the medal conferred upon BR by the Twelfth Grotius Day. He reports that BR's "fine speech" earned great applause. Keller does not yet know how to finance the publication of such manuscripts.

Bonner, president of the Union, writes that the Duisburg Congress gained considerable publicity thanks to BR's support.

The Brussels Free Thought Society has struck a commemorative medal which Bonner presents to BR and encloses.

BR thanks Bonner for his letter of August 1 and for the enclosed medal.

Matejkova is secretary of the Czechoslovak Committee of the Defenders of the Peace. She conveys the red scarf and badge of the pioneers, the largest children's organization in Czechoslovakia.